Development and validation of a weed screening tool for the United States

Koop, Anthony L.; Fowler, Larry; Newton, Leslie; Caton, Barney P.

doi:10.1007/s10530-011-0061-4

Cited by 94 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This extends work by Koop et al (2011), who developed a weed risk assessment model for the U.S., but made the simplifying assumption that the costs of misclassification were symmetric. Further, our work complements two recent studies that developed cost-sensitive models for efficient classification: Lieli and Springborn (in press) consider Australian weeds while Springborn et al (2011) examine U.S. herpetofaunal imports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Bioeconomic forecasting of invasive species by ecological syndrome

2012

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Abstract. Invasive non-native species cause enormous economic damage. Although there is both regulative and legislative precedent for policies restricting introduction of potentially invasive species, lack of a unified theory of invasions-particularly with respect to plants-has impeded efforts to implement screening despite empirical patterns suggesting the existence of ''invasion syndromes''. Motivated by recent advances in the comparative biology of invasive species, we sought to develop a cost-sensitive model that would associate groups of species according to biological traits and assign them to risk categories based on their invasion potential. Focusing on invasive plants in the US, which are estimated to generate costs of $US 34.7 billion/year, we then combined this scheme with estimates of the per species expected economic losses associated with forgoing trade and with benchmark values for the economic costs associated with plant pests to obtain a decision tool that would maximize economic benefits. If used for screening, this tool is estimated to yield expected net benefits of $80,000-$140,000 per species assessed under very conservative estimates of losses due to invasion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Bioeconomic forecasting of invasive species by ecological syndrome

2012

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“…Species adapted to tropical and subtropical climates, climates that will become more prevalent in areas "vacated" by the current pool of invasive plants, are already becoming more common in the ornamental plant trade and are prime candidates for monitoring (Bradley et al, 2012). Assessment of the potential invasiveness of new imported species (Koop et al, 2011;Leung et al, 2012) and early detection rapid response programs (EDRR) to eliminate new invaders (Leung et al, 2002;Sheley et al, 2015) are vital to prevent the introduction and establishment of new invasive species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out of the weeds? Reduced plant invasion risk with climate change in the continental United States

Allen

Bradley²

2016

Biological Conservation

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Identifying invasion risk is critical for regional prioritization of management and monitoring, however, we currently lack a comprehensive assessment of the invasion risk posed by plants for the United States. We aim to quantify geographic invasion risk for currently established terrestrial invasive plants in the continental U.S. under current and future climate. We assembled a comprehensive occurrence database for 896 terrestrial invasive plant species from 33 regional collections of field and museum data and projected species ranges using MaxEnt species distribution models based on current (1950-2000 average) and future (2040-2060 average) climate. We quantified geographic invasion risk as differences in species richness, invasion debt, range infilling, and identification of hotspots. Potential invasive plant richness was higher than observed richness, particularly in eastern temperate forests, where as many as 83% of species with suitable climate have not yet established. A small percentage (median = 0.22%) of species' potential ranges are currently occupied by them. With climate change, potential invasive plant richness declined by a median of 7.3% by 2050. About 80% of invasive plant hotspots were geographically stable with climate change, with the remaining 20% shifting northward. Invasion hotspots and current invasion debt reveal extensive, ongoing risk from existing invasive plants across the U.S., particularly in the Southeast. Climate change alters the spatial distributions of focal species for monitoring and is likely to reduce overall invasion risk in many areas. Early detection and rapid response programs could be most effective in stemming the spread of invasive plant species in areas with increased risk under climate change, while areas with persistent high risk are candidates for containment and control. The areas with reduced risk are prime locations for invasion of new imports from tropical and subtropical climates, highlighting the simultaneous need for prevention strategies.

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“…In order to make relative comparisons of fertile M. × giganteus, we selected a range of grasses to represent various growth habits (clumping to spreading) and fertilities that span this invasive spectrum, and that occur regionally (Table 1). Weedy populations of all positive controls are well documented regional invaders (Table 1), and many receive a high risk rating from the Plant Protection and Quarantine Weed Risk Assessment Model (Koop et al 2011;Smith 2014). Negative controls have been documented as low risk in weed risk assessment models (PIER 2013;Smith 2014), or are native to North America and are not considered highly competitive or weedy in comparison to our positive controls (Simberloff et al 2012).…”

Section: Species Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thin green line: sustainable bioenergy feedstocks or invaders in waiting

Smith¹,

Allen²,

Barney

2015

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Numerous fast growing and highly competitive exotic crops are being selected for production of renewable bioenergy. Tolerance of poor growing conditions with minimal inputs are ideal characteristics for bioenergy feedstocks, but have attracted concern for their potential to become invasive. Miscanthus × giganteus is one of the most promising bioenergy crops in the US, but grower adoption is hindered by high establishment costs due to sterility. Newly developed fertile tetraploid M. × giganteus may streamline cultivation while reducing establishment costs. However, fertile seed dramatically increases the potential propagule pressure, and thus probability of off-site plant establishment. To empirically evaluate the invasive potential of fertile M. × giganteus in the Southeastern US, we compared fitness and spread potential relative to ten grass species comprising 19 accessions under both high and low levels of competition and disturbance. We chose species known to be invasive in the US (positive controls: Arundo donax, naturalized M. sinensis, M. sacchariflorus, Phalaris arundinacea, Sorghum halepense) and non-invasive (negative controls; Andropogon gerardii, ornamental M. sinensis, Panicum virgatum, Sorghum bicolor, Saccharum spp.). This novel design allows us to make relative comparisons of risk among species with varying invasiveness. After three years of establishment and growth in Blacksburg, Virginia, neither aboveground disturbance nor interspecific weed competition influenced fitness for fertile M. × giganteus or our positive and negative control groups. Fertile M. × giganteus produced 346% and 283% greater aboveground biomass than our positive and negative species, respectively. However, fertile M. × giganteus produced 74% fewer inflorescences m -2 than our positive controls and 7% and 51% fewer spikelets inflorescence -1 than the positive and negative control species. After 18 months of growth, we observed the vegetative and seedling spread of three of our positive control species (S. halepense, P. arundinacea, and M. sacchariflorus) Smith et al. / NeoBiota 25: 47-71 (2015) 48 into receiving areas of both high and low competition. After 24 months of growth, numerous species were observed outside the cultivated plot including fertile M. × giganteus and 50% of negative control species. Notably, in three years sterile M. × giganteus 'Illinois' and Arundo donax never moved from the cultivated plot. The addition of fertile seed appears to increase the potential for offsite movement, but within the geographic confines of our empirical evaluation, fertile M. × giganteus seedlings are more similar to native P. virgatum and were not nearly as fast growing or as competitive as our positive control S. halepense. The use of numerous species providing relative comparisons allow us to draw important conclusions which may help prepare for widespread commercialization, while providing novel methodology for ecological risk assessment of new species.

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Development and validation of a weed screening tool for the United States

Cited by 94 publications

References 46 publications

Bioeconomic forecasting of invasive species by ecological syndrome

Bioeconomic forecasting of invasive species by ecological syndrome

Out of the weeds? Reduced plant invasion risk with climate change in the continental United States

The thin green line: sustainable bioenergy feedstocks or invaders in waiting

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