Development and validation for in situ asphalt mixture density prediction models

Leng, Zhen; Al-Qadi, Imad L.; Lahouar, Samer

doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2011.03.002

Cited by 91 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…where

Z = 1 + \frac{ρ_{a} T_{b}}{ρ_{b} T_{a}} + \frac{ρ_{a} T_{f}}{ρ_{f} T_{a}}

is a constant, and

T_{a}, T_{f}

and

T_{b}

, are the mass fractions of the aggregates, filler, and asphalt binder, respectively. A similar expression is provided in (Leng et al ), whose authors studied compaction models based on various permittivity models and on measurements carried out with ground‐penetrating radar (GPR). As shown in equation (),

\in_{H M A}

is the permittivity measured by the SFR system, and the only unknown is the permittivity of aggregates (respective permittivities of limestone and asphalt binder are known).…”

Section: Basic Theoretical Background For Compaction Assessment With mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Non‐destructive assessment of hot mix asphalt compaction/density with a step‐frequency radar: case study on a newly paved road

Fauchard

Beaucamp

Laguerre

2014

Near Surface Geophysics

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A Step Frequency Radar (SFR) is used for assessing the compaction of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) layers. The system is composed of a network analyser and an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna placed above the road surface. The measurements are carried out on a new-paved road in Cagny (Normandie, France). The SFR system provides the permittivity of the first overlay. The data is corrected from vehicle vibrations and calibrated at fixed locations. Then, the HMA compaction is deduced with a Lichteneker-Rother (LR) model. The results are compared with standard tests (gamma bench testing on cores and in-place nuclear gauge). We show that the SFR system allows the nondestructive assessment of HMA overlay with a high density of points, and with an accuracy close to the compaction provided by standard tests

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“…where

Z = 1 + \frac{ρ_{a} T_{b}}{ρ_{b} T_{a}} + \frac{ρ_{a} T_{f}}{ρ_{f} T_{a}}

is a constant, and

T_{a}, T_{f}

and

T_{b}

\in_{H M A}

is the permittivity measured by the SFR system, and the only unknown is the permittivity of aggregates (respective permittivities of limestone and asphalt binder are known).…”

Section: Basic Theoretical Background For Compaction Assessment With mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Recent works have shown the capability of EM methods based on wave propagation to assess the HMA compaction (Li ; Leng, Al‐Qadi, and Lahouar ). Here, we present the basic theoretical background where the HMA compaction is defined as a function of the measured permittivity using the step‐ frequency radar (SFR) system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐destructive assessment of hot mix asphalt compaction/density with a step‐frequency radar: case study on a newly paved road

Fauchard

Beaucamp

Laguerre

2014

Near Surface Geophysics

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“…However, it should be noted that the relative large errors in Section 4 are not caused by changing the laboratory G mb testing method from SSD to Corelok. In fact, if the SSD method is used to test Section 4 cores, the prediction errors in Section 4 will be even larger, because the SSD method predicts higher G mb than the Corelok method for largevoid specimens (Leng et al 2011). This implies that the models themselves might be the main reason for the large prediction errors in Section 4.…”

Section: Model Fine-tuningmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Place Hot-Mix Asphalt Density Estimation Using Ground-Penetrating Radar

Al-Qadi

Leng

Lahouar

et al. 2010

Transportation Research Record

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In-situ asphalt mixture density is critically important to the performance of flexible airport pavements: density that is too high, or too low, may cause early pavement distresses.Traditionally, two methods have been commonly used for in-situ asphalt mixture density measurement: laboratory testing on field-extracted cores and in-situ nuclear gauge testing.However, both these methods have limitations. The coring method damages pavement, causes traffic interruption, and provides only limited data at discrete locations. The nuclear gauge method also provides limited data measurement. Moreover, it requires a license for the operators because it uses radioactive material. To overcome the limitations of these traditional methods, this study proposes to develop a nondestructive method of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to measure in-situ asphalt mixture density accurately, continuously, and rapidly.The prediction of asphalt mixture density using GPR is based on the fact that the dielectric constant of an asphalt mixture, which can be measured by GPR, is dependent on the dielectric and volumetric properties of its components. According to electromagnetic (EM) mixing theory, two candidate specific gravity models, namely the modified complex refractive index model (CRIM) and the modified Bottcher model, were developed to predict the bulk specific gravity of asphalt mixture from its dielectric constant.To evaluate the performance of these two models, a full-scale six-lane test site with four sections in each lane was carefully designed and constructed. Forty cores were extracted from the test site, and their densities were measured in the laboratory and compared to the GPRpredicted values using the two models. Both models were found effective in predicting asphalt mixture density, although the modified Bottcher model performed better. To account for the effect of the non-spherical inclusions in asphalt mixture and further improve the density prediction accuracy, a shape factor was introduced into the modified Bottcher model. Nonlinear least square curve fitting of the field core data indicated that a shape factor of -0.3 provided the best-performance model, which is referred to as the Al-Qadi Lahouar Leng (ALL) model.The performance of the ALL model was validated using data collected from an active pavement construction site in Chicago area. It was found that when the ALL model was employed, the prediction accuracy of the GPR was comparable to, or better than, that of the traditional nuclear gauge. For the asphalt mixtures without slags, the average density prediction errors of GPR were between 0.5% and 1.1% with two calibration cores, while those of the nuclear gauge were between 1.2% and 3.1%. iv Due to the importance of accurate input of the dielectric constant of asphalt mixture to the prediction accuracy of the specific gravity model, this study also looked into alternative methods for asphalt mixture dielectric constant estimation. The extended common mid-point (XCMP) method using two air-coupled antenna systems ...

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“…The effective, bulk dielectric properties of composite materials are determined by dielectric properties of its components. Different mixing formulas in respect of asphalt are studied (Al-Qadi et al, 2001;Leng, 2011;Leng et al, 2011). One of the simplest ones Eq.…”

Section: Asphalt Pavement Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been also suggested that only one or two cores are needed to do this calibration (Saarenketo and Scullion, 2000). Leng et al (2011) recommended using two to three cores. Poikaj€ arvi et al (2012) concluded that more attention should be placed where the calibration core samples are drilled and they suggested taking cores when the asphalt mixture, the working method, base treatment or environmental circumstances change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representative volume element of asphalt pavement for electromagnetic measurements

Pellinen

Huuskonen-Snicker

Eskelinen

et al. 2015

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edit

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a b s t r a c tThe motivation for this study was to investigate the representative volume element (RVE) needed to correlate the nondestructive electromagnetic (EM) measurements with the conventional destructive asphalt pavement quality control measurements. A large pavement rehabilitation contract was used as the test site for the experiment. Pavement cores were drilled from the same locations where the stationary and continuous Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements were obtained. Laboratory measurements included testing the bulk density of cores using two methods, the surface-saturated dry method and determining bulk density by dimensions. Also, Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and the through specimen transmission configuration were employed at microwave frequencies to measure the reference dielectric constant of cores using two different footprint areas and therefore volume elements. The RVE for EM measurements turns out to be frequency dependent; therefore in addition to being dependent on asphalt mixture type and method of obtaining bulk density, it is dependent on the resolution of the EM method used. Then, although the average bulk property results agreed with theoretical formulations of higher core air void content giving a lower dielectric constant, for the individual cores there was no correlation for the VNA measurements because the volume element seizes deviated.Similarly, GPR technique was unable to capture the spatial variation of pavement air voids measured from the 150-mm drill cores. More research is needed to determine the usable RVE for asphalt. © 2015 Periodical Offices of Chang'an University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Owner. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Development and validation for in situ asphalt mixture density prediction models

Cited by 91 publications

References 14 publications

Non‐destructive assessment of hot mix asphalt compaction/density with a step‐frequency radar: case study on a newly paved road

Non‐destructive assessment of hot mix asphalt compaction/density with a step‐frequency radar: case study on a newly paved road

In-Place Hot-Mix Asphalt Density Estimation Using Ground-Penetrating Radar

Representative volume element of asphalt pavement for electromagnetic measurements

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