Development and Use of a Residence Time Distribution (RTD) Model Control Strategy for a Continuous Manufacturing Drug Product Pharmaceutical Process

Abstract

Residence-time-distribution (RTD)-based models are key to understanding the mixing dynamics of continuous manufacturing systems. Such models can allow for material traceability throughout the process and can provide the ability for removal of non-conforming material from the finished product. These models have been implemented in continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing mainly for monitoring purposes, not as an integral part of the control strategy and in-process specifications. This paper discusses the steps taken to develop an RTD model design space and how the model was statistically incorporated into the product’s control strategy. To develop the model, experiments were conducted at a range of blender impeller speeds and total system mass flow rates. RTD parameters were optimized for each condition tested using a tank-in-series-type model with a delay. Using the experimental RTD parameters, an equation was derived relating the mean residence time to the operating conditions (i.e., blender impeller speed and mass flow rate). The RTD parameters were used in combination with real-time upstream process data to predict downstream API concentration, where these predictions allowed validation across the entire operating range of the process by comparison to measured tablet assay. The standard in-process control limits for the product were statistically tightened using the validation acceptance criteria. Ultimately, this model and strategy were accepted by regulatory authorities.

Residence Time Distribution: Literature Survey, Functions, Mathematical Modeling, and Case Study—Diagnosis for a Photochemical Reactor

“…The RTD methodology and the RTD-based mathematical modeling are still developing [34][35][36]. Various authors frequently propose new models in different domains [37][38][39]. Even though powerful computational modeling methods (e.g., computational fluid dynamics-CFD) have been developed since the appearance of RTD, these still require experimental validation, usually performed using tracer experiments [40][41][42].…”