Development and test of a new catalytic converter for natural gas fuelled engine

Abstract

This paper presents characteristics of a new catalytic converter (catco) to be used for natural gas fuelled engine. The catco were developed based on catalyst materials consisting of metal oxides such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and cobalt oxide (CoO) with wire mesh substrate. Both of the catalyst materials (such as TiO 2 and CoO) are inexpensive in comparison with conventional catalysts (noble metals) such as palladium or platinum. In addition, the noble metals such as platinum group metals are now identified as human health risk due to their rapid emissions in the environment from various resources like conventional catalytic converter, jewelers and other medical usages. It can be mentioned that the TiO 2 /CoO based catalytic converter and a new natural gas engine such as compressed natural gas (CNG) direct injection (DI) engine were developed under a research collaboration program. The original engine manufacture catalytic conveter (OEM catco) was tested for comparison purposes. The OEM catco was based on noble metal catalyst with honeycomb ceramic substrate. It is experimentally found that the conversion efficiencies of TiO 2 /CoO based catalytic converter are 93%, 89% and 82% for NO x , CO and HC emissions respectively. It is calculated that the TiO 2 /CoO based catalytic converter reduces 24%, 41% and 40% higher NO x , CO and HC emissions in comparison to OEM catco respectively. The objective of this paper is to develop a low-cost three way catalytic converter to be used with the newly developed CNG-DI engine. Detailed review on catalytic converter, low-cost catalytic converter development characteristics and CNGDI engine test results have been presented with discussions. * For correspondence 467 468 M A Kalam et al

Stacked Wire Mesh Monoliths for the Simultaneous Abatement of VOCs and Diesel Soot

“…By using a copper-based catalytic converter it was found that HC was reduced by 38% and CO by 33% at full load. Another catalytic converter was developed consisting of a TiO 2 /CoO coating over stainless steel wire mesh substrates [42]. The meshes were first coated with the metal catalysts by a washcoating technique and then arranged into a straight bar.…”

Simulation on Toxic Gases in Vehicle Exhaust Equipped with Modified Catalytic Converter : A Review

“…According to Shahar and Majib (2007) [13], the concentration of Platinum (Pt) and Rhodium (Rh) has been taken upon road dust sample and the ratio range from the sample is in the range of 2.1 :1 to 7:1, where the ratio these elements in the catalytic converter usage is 7:1. Kalam et al, (2009) [2] has also come with new ideas in the development of catalytic converter that used the material of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and cobalt oxide (CoO) as the catalyst material. The method is by using wire mesh substrate treatment immersed into a preparation of HCL solution.…”

“…al, 2012). Kalam et al, (2009) [2] prepared the catalyst by adding 10 gm of TiO 2 with sodium silicate in order to get 10% TiO 2 slurry before continuing with homogenization process that ends with drying process to get the catalyst slurry. The Same step is used by Syed et al, (2015) [23] by adding 10 gm Al 2 O 3 with sodium silicate in order to get Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles slurry.…”

“…One of the main contributors is said to be the emission of harmful gases produced by vehicle exhaust lines [1]. Vehicles natural gas engine are facing a problem with the engine combustion as the in-cylinder produced high unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and also carbon monoxide (CO) gas emission through the vehicle's exhaust [2]. The emission of nitrogen oxide (NO x ) is depending on cylinder fuel combustion; either the emission is increasing or decreasing [3].…”

Effect of heating the catalytic converter on emission characteristic of gasoline automotive vehicles

“…It is experimentally found that the conversion efficiencies of TiO 2 /CoO-based catalytic converter are 93%, 89% and 82% for NO x , CO and HC emissions, respectively. It is calculated that the TiO 2 /CoO-based catalytic converter reduces 24%, 41% and 40% higher NO x , CO and HC emissions in comparison with OEM catco, respectively (Kalam et al 2009). Alternative vehicle (fuels and propulsion) strategies generally involve the use of alternative combustible by-products of petroleum extraction and refining (such as LPG or CNG), alcohol-based fuels, electric propulsion (either fully dedicated or as a hybrid with another fuel), or synthetically produced fuel from various types of feed stocks.…”