Development and standardization of a rapid, PCR-based method for the detection of &lt;I&gt;Wuchereria bancrofti&lt;/I&gt; in mosquitoes, for xenomonitoring the human prevalence of bancroftian filariasis

Williams, Steven A.; Laney, Sandra J.; Bierwert, Lou Ann; Saunders, Lori; Boakye, Daniel; Fischer, Peter U.; Goodman, D; Helmy, Hanan; Sl, Hoti; Vasuki, V.; Lammie, Patrick J.; Plichart, Catherine; Ramzy, Reda M. R.; Ottesen, Eric A.

doi:10.1179/000349802125002356

Cited by 62 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Interruption of the transmission of the infection remains a principal goal of lymphatic filariasis elimination programs. Therefore, the availability of efficient and effective tools to monitor the presence or absence of parasites in the mosquito vector is particularly important (Williams et al 2002). Entomological methods for the detection of filarial larvae in the mosquito vector are based on the dissection of mosquitoes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of Wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes by LightCycler polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis

et al. 2004

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A LightCycler real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in blood-fed mosquitoes. The assay is based on fluorescence melting curve analysis of the PCR product generated from a family of repeated DNA elements: the 182 bp SspI repeat, specific to the genus Wuchereria. According to the melting temperature, W. bancrofti infected-mosquitoes were differentiated from Brugia malayi-infected and non-infected mosquitoes as well as from genomic DNA of Dirofilaria immitis and human DNA. The method proved to be 100% sensitive in all W. bancrofti-infected mosquitoes. Melting curve analysis offers a rapid alternative for the specific detection of W. bancrofti in mosquitoes. It is very accurate and sensitive, allows a high throughput and can be performed on very small samples. The method therefore has great potential for application in epidemiological studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of Wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes by LightCycler polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis

et al. 2004

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“…Real-time PCR can be used to screen mosquitoes or human blood samples to identify and map areas of endemicity. The assay should also be useful for assessing changes in transmission following MDA by molecular xenomonitoring (29). One problem with introducing more sensitive diagnostic assays during the course of ongoing control programs is the comparabilities of different tests.…”

Section: Vol 44 2006 Real-time Pcr For Brugian Filariasis 3891mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Brugia Parasite DNA in Human Blood by Real-Time PCR

et al. 2006

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Brugian filariasis (caused by the nematodes Brugia malayi and B. timori) is an important cause of disability in Southeast Asia. Improved diagnostic tests are needed for filariasis elimination programs (to identify areas of endemicity and to monitor progress) and for diagnosis of the disease in infected individuals. We have developed and evaluated two real-time PCR assays for detecting Brugia DNA in human blood and compared the results of these assays to those of "gold standard" assays. One assay uses a TaqMan probe (TaqM) to amplifiy a 320-bp "HhaI repeat" DNA sequence. The other assay uses a minor groove binding probe (MGB) and modified nucleotides in primers (Eclipse MGB) to amplify a 120-bp fragment of the HhaI repeat. This assay detects 22 copies of the target sequence, and it is more sensitive than the TaqM assay. Both assays were evaluated with human blood samples from two different areas of endemicity. The MGB assay was as sensitive as membrane filtration and microscopy for the detection of B. malayi infection in 57 blood samples recovered at night from patients in Sulawesi, Indonesia. The MGB assay also detected parasite DNA in 17 of 31 (55%) of microfilaria-negative day blood samples from these subjects. This test was more sensitive than the conventional and the TaqM PCRs (and was almost as sensitive as night blood membrane filtration) for the detection of infection in 52 blood samples recovered at night from individuals in an area of B. timori endemicity on Alor Island, Indonesia, where microfilaria-positive individuals had low densities after mass treatment. Thus, the Eclipse MGB real-time PCR assay is a sensitive means of detecting Brugia parasite DNA in human blood.

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“…In recent years, slot antenna has been studied and applied to several usages since it provides the merits of low profile, low cost, small size, easy integration with other circuits, compatible to a shaped surface, etc [1][2][3]. In addition, when the slot is cavitybacked, the so-called cavity-backed slot (CBS) antenna can provide unidirectional radiation to just one side of the antenna and reduce the effects of medium behind the cavity [4,5], which is very suitable for the above-mentioned applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most parts of the world, the parasites have a "nocturnal periodicity" that restricts their appearance in the blood to only the hours of 10 p.m. to 2 a.m. Therefore, the diagnosis of LF traditionally has depended on the laboratory examination of blood taken between 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. when microfilarias are most common in peripheral blood [3]. The use of microwave is increasing and prevalent in various applications in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

New method of detecting lymphatic disease using microwaves

Lonappan

Thomas

Bindu

et al. 2007

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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cess. All matching components, input transformer, and output transformer are fully integrated on the chip. The transmission line transformer is used as an output power combiner and an output matching component. To increase the coupling factor k, an interdigitated transmission line transformer is used and it achieves a drain efficiency of 28% at the maximum output power. The maximum output power is 28.2 dBm at a 1.8-V supply voltage. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation under the Engineering Research Center program through the Intelligent Radio Engineering Center at the Information and Communications University in the Republic of Korea. The World Health Organisation estimated [1] that over 1.3 billion people are at risk of lymphatic filariasis (LF), a devastating parasitic infection spread by mosquitoes and is usually contracted in childhood, often before age 5 caused by thread-like parasitic worms which damage the human lymphatic system. This disease is the world's most disabling and disfiguring disease and affects mostly the poorest making incapacitated or disfigured with swelling of the limbs and breasts (lymphoedema) and genitals (hydrocele), or swollen limbs with dramatically thickened, hard, rough, and fissured skin (elephantiasis). LF prevents afflicted individuals from experiencing a normal working and social life, furthering the cycle of poverty. Worms lodge in the lymphatic system live for an estimated 4 -6 years, producing millions of immature microfilariae (tiny larvae) that circulate in the blood disturbs the delicate fluid balance between the tissues and blood, and which is an essential component for the body's immune defense system [2]. The female worms release large numbers of very small worm larvae (called microfilaria), which circulate in an infected person's bloodstream. When a human is bitten by a mosquito, the mosquito ingests the larvae. The larvae develop in the mosquito into an infective stage and are then spread to other people via mosquito bites. After a bite, the larvae pass through the skin, travel to the lymphatic vessels, and develop into adult worms. In most parts of the world, the parasites have a "nocturnal periodicity" that restricts their appearance in the blood to only the hours of 10 p.m. to 2 a.m. Therefore, the diagnosis of LF traditionally has depended on the laboratory examination of blood taken between 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. when microfilarias are most common in peripheral blood [3]. The use of microwave is increasing and prevalent in various applications in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine [4]. Exhaustive studies of dielectric parameters of various human tissues and body fluids at different RF frequencies have been reported [5][6][7]. Different measurement techniques can be adopted to measure the complex permittivity of a material and the chosen technique depends on various factors such as the nature of the sample and the frequency range used [8][9][10][11]. When only very small volumes of the sample are available, the c...

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Development and standardization of a rapid, PCR-based method for the detection of <I>Wuchereria bancrofti</I> in mosquitoes, for xenomonitoring the human prevalence of bancroftian filariasis

Cited by 62 publications

References 16 publications

Rapid detection of Wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes by LightCycler polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis

Rapid detection of Wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes by LightCycler polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis

Detection of Brugia Parasite DNA in Human Blood by Real-Time PCR

New method of detecting lymphatic disease using microwaves

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