Development and stabilisation of soil structure via interactions between organic matter, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots

Daynes, Cathal N.; Field, Damien J.; Saleeba, Jennifer A.; Cole, Michael; McGee, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.09.020

Cited by 150 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Our model allows for an additional non-equilibrium carbon pool that could be tuned to match these 14 C and SOM profiles, but we have avoided that type of tuning here. Processes that may be good candidates for this level of protection include aggregation and formation of colloids, which have been shown to substantially affect chemical mobility and carbon decomposition rates in soils (Daynes et al, 2013;Kausch and Pallud, 2013;Six et al, 2000). Development of process representations that will improve these comparisons is a task we leave for future research.…”

Section: Model Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long residence times of rapidly decomposable soil organic matter: application of a multi-phase, multi-component, and vertically resolved model (BAMS1) to soil carbon dynamics

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Accurate representation of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in Earth system models is critical for future climate prediction, yet large uncertainties exist regarding how, and to what extent, the suite of proposed relevant mechanisms should be included. To investigate how various mechanisms interact to influence SOM storage and dynamics, we developed an SOM reaction network integrated in a one-dimensional, multi-phase, and multi-component reactive transport solver. The model includes representations of bacterial and fungal activity, multiple archetypal polymeric and monomeric carbon substrate groups, aqueous chemistry, aqueous advection and diffusion, gaseous diffusion, and adsorption (and protection) and desorption from the soil mineral phase. The model predictions reasonably matched observed depth-resolved SOM and dissolved organic matter (DOM) stocks and fluxes, lignin content, and fungi to aerobic bacteria ratios. We performed a suite of sensitivity analyses under equilibrium and dynamic conditions to examine the role of dynamic sorption, microbial assimilation rates, and carbon inputs. To our knowledge, observations do not exist to fully test such a complicated model structure or to test the hypotheses used to explain observations of substantial storage of very old SOM below the rooting depth. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that a reasonable combination of sorption parameters, microbial biomass and necromass dynamics, and advective transport can match observations without resorting to an arbitrary depth-dependent decline in SOM turnover rates, as is often done. We conclude that, contrary to assertions derived from existing turnover time based model formulations, observed carbon content and 14 C vertical profiles are consistent with a representation of SOM consisting of carbon compounds with relatively fast reaction rates, vertical aqueous transport, and dynamic protection on mineral surfaces.

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Section: Model Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long residence times of rapidly decomposable soil organic matter: application of a multi-phase, multi-component, and vertically resolved model (BAMS1) to soil carbon dynamics

et al. 2014

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“…Physicochemical analyses of organic carbon, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) followed standard methods (APHA, 2005), considering five days at 20 °C up to 3 mg L -1 O 2 . The pH at 20° of a 5% soil suspension (w/v) was determined by potentiometry (Stutter et al, 2013;Daynes et al, 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a high OC level in the soil might interfere with the contamination of the deeper layers of the profile; however, this would also depend on the levels of clay present, i.e., the greater the clay content, the lower the soil's cation exchange capacity (Goren et al, 2011). The large quantity of OC was not unusual because cemeteries are areas of constant decomposition of organic matter (Goren et al, 2011;Daynes et al, 2013;Trindade & Neckel, 2014).…”

Section: Physicochemical and Microbiological Analyses Carried Out On mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental damage and public health threat caused by cemeteries: a proposal of ideal cemeteries for the growing urban sprawl

Neckel

Costa

Mário

et al. 2017

urbe, Rev. Bras. Gest. Urbana

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Growing urban land development has led to a reduction in the space available for cemeteries and the juxtaposition of residential and cemeterial areas, further raising the polluting potential of the latter. The present case study sought to assess levels of physicochemical and microbiological contamination in the Central Cemetery of Marau (RS/Brazil), and propose vertical cemetery deployment as a way to reduce necroleachate-linked pollution impacts. The following information was collected from 43 additional rural cemeteries: number of tombs, graves, chapels, and small vertical constructions with drawers, state of conservation and cleanliness and total area and perimeter of the cemetery. Eighty professionals of environmentally sustainable urban planning from four countries (20 Brazilians, 20 American, 20 Portuguese and 20 Japanese) were interviewed regarding the ‘ideal cemetery’. Various risks of cemetery soil contamination were identified, particularly high amounts of heterotrophic microorganisms, especially fecal coliforms associated with burial sites. In order to avoid contamination risks to environment and population, the mplemention of a vertical model of cemetery is proposed.

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“…These fungi enhance plant resistance to water stress, high temperatures, conditions of toxicity and acidity of soil and pathogens (Smith & Read, 2008), in addition to soil stabilization in the form of aggregates (Daynes et al, 2013, Peng et al, 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inoculum production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi native to soils under different forest covers

2017

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The low natural fertility of Brazilian soils requires the use of inoculants that facilitate the absorption of nutrients by plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi such as obligatory biotrophics of active roots perform this function, but access to this resource is limited by the difficulty in producing inoculants. The objective of this study was to investigate the production of AMF inoculants native of soils under different forest covers in Vitória da Conquista, BA, by means of spore quantification, colonization rate and species identification. For this purpose, soils were collected from sites under Mata Nativa (native forest) and plantations of Madeira Nova (Pterogyne nitens) and Eucalyptus, placed into separate 500 mL disposable cups with seeds of Brachiaria sp. and cultivated for five months. Spores were quantified and the AMF species identified in the control soil (without brachiaria) and in the cups cultivated with brachiaria at each month. From the first month, the colonization rate of brachiaria roots was evaluated. The inoculants produced showed differences in the number of spores and species, in the AMF species identified, and in the root colonization rate as a function of the forest cover. Thus, considering the increase in the number of spores, species and colonization over time, the inoculant produced from the soil under native forest was more promising for utilization. Produção de inóculos de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares nativos de solos sob diferentes coberturas florestaisA baixa fertilidade natural dos solos brasileiros requer o uso de inoculantes que facilitem a absorção de nutrientes pelas plantas. Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares como biotróficos obrigatórios de raízes ativas desempenham esta função, porém o acesso a este recurso é limitado pela dificuldade na produção de inoculantes. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de inoculantes de FMAs nativos de solos sob diferentes coberturas florestais em Vitória da Conquista -BA, através da quantificação de esporos, taxa de colonização e identificação de espécies. Para isso, foram coletados solos nas coberturas florestais de Mata Nativa e em plantios de Madeira Nova e Eucalipto, colocados separadamente em vasos com braquiária e cultivados por cinco meses. No solo testemunha e a cada mês foram quantificados os esporos e identificadas as espécies de FMAs e, a partir do primeiro mês, avaliou-se a taxa de colonização das raízes da braquiária. Os inoculantes produzidos apresentaram diferenças no número de esporos e espécies, nas espécies de FMAs identificadas e na taxa de colonização das raízes, dependendo da cobertura florestal. Assim, considerando o aumento no número de esporos, espécies e colonização ao longo do tempo, o inoculante produzido a partir do solo da Mata Nativa apresentou-se mais promissor para o uso.Palavras-chave: simbionte; vaso armadilha; recuperação florestal. 198Renata Soares dos Santos et al.

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Development and stabilisation of soil structure via interactions between organic matter, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots

Cited by 150 publications

References 49 publications

Long residence times of rapidly decomposable soil organic matter: application of a multi-phase, multi-component, and vertically resolved model (BAMS1) to soil carbon dynamics

Long residence times of rapidly decomposable soil organic matter: application of a multi-phase, multi-component, and vertically resolved model (BAMS1) to soil carbon dynamics

Environmental damage and public health threat caused by cemeteries: a proposal of ideal cemeteries for the growing urban sprawl

Inoculum production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi native to soils under different forest covers

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