Development and Seasonal Occurrence of
Monochamus carolinensis
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Missouri

Pershing, Jay C.; Linit, M. J.

doi:10.1093/ee/15.2.251

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Winter larval diapause has also been described for other species of the Monochamus genus, namely the Asian M. alternatus and M. saltuarius (Togashi 1991; Togashi et al. 1994), being absent in the North American Monochamus carolinensis (Olivier) (Pershing and Linit 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Winter dormancy of the pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis (Col., Cerambycidae) in Portugal

Naves¹,

Sousa²,

Quartau

2007

J Applied Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis is the vector of the introduced pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Portugal and has a fixed univoltine life cycle, overwintering as larvae inside the wood. We investigated the possibility of the existence of a phase of winter dormancy affecting the larvae, its induction and termination under controlled conditions and its incidence and termination in the field. In the laboratory, the majority of the newly hatched larvae which were maintained at a constant temperature of 23°C and different photoperiods became dormant in <70 days. Part of the population completed dormancy and reassumed development until adult emergence at the constant temperature, without the need for a chilling period. Although no critical photoperiod for dormancy maintenance or termination could be determined, dormancy termination was more frequent for larvae experiencing changes on daylength duration. In the field, dormancy incidence grew progressively from a minimum of 26% in October to a maximum of 100% in April, and dormancy appeared to be completed only during late winter. The results suggest that M. galloprovincialis larvae underwent an obligatory dormancy associated with the last larval instar, which conforms to the general definition of diapause, although presenting some affinities with oligopause. The role of this dormancy on the regulation of the pine sawyerÕs seasonal development and the number of generations is discussed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Winter dormancy of the pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis (Col., Cerambycidae) in Portugal

Naves¹,

Sousa²,

Quartau

2007

J Applied Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4) (Linit 1988). Monochamus carolinensis has 3-8 larval instars prior to pupation (Pershing and Linit 1986a). The insect pupates in a chamber in the woody tissue near the cambium layer (Linit 1988).…”

Section: Life Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monochamus carolinensis overwinters most commonly as a larva, although eggs and pupae overwinter as well (Pershing and Linit 1986a). The beetle emerges as an adult in the spring and early summer by chewing a round exit hole in the wood and bark (Fig.…”

Section: Life Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle 1970, is a serious threat to susceptible pine forests of the world. The PWN is primarily vectored by Monochamus species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). The first occurrence of PWD was reported from Japan in the early 1900s. Following this report, Japanese scientists documented the community of barkand phloem-inhabiting insects associated with the nematodes in dying trees to determine possible vectors of the nematode. Monochamus alternatus was reported to be the most effective vector in Japan. The primary vector in North America is Monochamus carolinensis, and in Europe, it is Monochamus galloprovincialis. Further studies have been expanded through the nematode-invaded countries of Korea, Taiwan, China and Portugal. There is an interspecific association between the PWN and its insect vectors, and it is an obligatory component of the disease cycle. It is crucial to understand this relationship as well as the population ecology of the beetle to aid in monitoring and control of this worldwide threat to pine forests. Studies to date indicate a remarkable similarity among beetle species around the globe for a variety of lifehistory traits, including lifespan, adult emergence numbers, flight capability, nematode transmission rates and attraction to pine volatiles. Wherever pines are found, there is a beetle species capable of transmitting the nematode. Although flight performance and range is generally poor for this group of beetle vectors, the cryptic nature of the species and the lack of interest in the beetles by countries in the absence of the nematode have led to the disease establishing a foothold in a variety of countries such as Portugal. In this paper, studies conducted in different countries on Monochamus vector species of the PWN are compared and discussed.

show abstract

“…With the exception of a few buprestid, cerambycid, and anobiid species for which protracted development times have been reported in lumber with poor nutritional qualities (Haack & Slansky, ), the wood‐boring insects present in the United States or Canada have developmental times (from egg to adult emergence) of under 5 years (e.g., Baker, ; Furniss & Carolin, ; Wood, ; Alya & Hain, ; USDA‐Forest Service, ; Pershing & Linit, ,b; Haack & Slansky, ; Rykken & Hanson, ; Dodds & Stephen, ; Akbulut et al ., ; Barkbeetles.org, ; Witrylak, ; Bugwood.org, ; Akbulut & Stamps, ; Ciesla, ; Haack & Brockerhoff, ; CABI, ; Rabaglia, ). Because all the wood surveyed was 5 or more years old, any wood‐boring insects present in the wood at the time of manufacture could have completed their development, emerged (as adults), and left the wood boxes prior to the survey.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest survey of softwood boxes, with special emphasis on pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae)

Meissner

DeWald

Jones³

et al. 2013

EPPO Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wood packaging material (WPM) is an important pathway for the spread of non‐native plant pests. To reduce the likelihood of plant pest movement with WPM, the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15: “Regulation of Wood Packaging Material in International Trade” (ISPM 15) was developed in the framework of the International Plant Protection Convention. To be compliant with this Standard, WPM shipped internationally must be either heat‐treated or fumigated, regardless of any specific characteristics of the WPM. The objective of this survey was to determine if Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) or insects, especially Monochamus spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), were present in a specific subset of softwood boxes. While not compliant with ISPM 15, these boxes had been treated with wood preservatives, stored indoors for over five years, and, in addition to meeting various quality standards, almost all had a moisture content below 20 percent. United States Department of Agriculture staff inspected a sample of 630 softwood boxes, focusing on those showing signs of possible pest infestation. Based on a binomial distribution with an efficacy of detection equal to 0.95, a sample size of 630 provides a 95 percent confidence of detecting pests if >0.5 % of boxes are infested. No B. xylophilus or insect pests were found in the boxes, though other nematode genera (Aphelenchoides, Aphelenchus, and Filenchus), which feed on decomposing fungi in wood and do not damage trees, were found in 21 boxes. This study demonstrates that not all types of WPM present a high phytosanitary risk. It may be worthwhile to consider an amendment to ISPM 15 to differentiate between various risk categories of WPM in order to minimize costs and environmental impacts associated with treatments currently prescribed in ISPM 15.

show abstract

Development and Seasonal Occurrence of Monochamus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Missouri

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Winter dormancy of the pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis (Col., Cerambycidae) in Portugal

Winter dormancy of the pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis (Col., Cerambycidae) in Portugal

Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species

Pest survey of softwood boxes, with special emphasis on pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About