Development and refinement of a technique for short-term intravascular auricular vein catheter placement in mature sows

The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in mature swine after intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration. Six mature sows (mean bodyweight ± standard deviation = 217.3± 65.68 kg) were administered an IV or PO dose of meloxicam at a target dose of 0.5 mg/kg in a crossover design. Plasma samples collected up to 48 hours post-administration were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) followed by non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Mean peak plasma concentration (CMAX) after PO administration was 1070 ng/ ml (645-1749 ng/ml). TMAX was recorded at 2.40 hour (0.50-12.00 hours) after PO administration. Half-life (T ½ λz) for IV and PO administration was 6.15 hours (4.39-7.79 hours) and 6.83 hours (5.18-9.63 hours) respectively. The bioavailability (F) for PO administration was 87% (39-351%). The results of the present study suggest that meloxicam is well absorbed after oral administration. were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) 43 followed by non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Mean peak plasma concentration 44 (CMAX) after PO administration was 1070 ng/ml (645-1749 ng/ml). TMAX was recorded at 2.40 45 hour (0.50-12.00 hours) after PO administration. Half-life (T ½ λz) for IV and PO administration 46 was 6.15 hours (4.39-7.79 hours) and 6.83 hours (5.18-9.63 hours) respectively. The 47 bioavailability (F) for PO administration was 87% (39-351%). The results of the present study 48 suggest that meloxicam is well absorbed after oral administration. 49

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in mature swine after intravenous and oral administration

Pairis‐Garcia

Johnson

KuKanich

et al. 2014

“…A 10‐day washout period was provided between rounds. Six sows received an IV injection of FM at 2.20 mg/kg (Banamine‐S® 50 mg/ml solution for injection; # 6228102, Intervet Inc. Merck Animal Health) as a single‐bolus injection into an indwelling auricular vein catheter using techniques described by Pairis‐Garcia et al (). Six sows received TD flunixin at 3.33 mg/kg (Finadyne Pour‐On, MSD Animal Health) in a band along the dorsal midline from the point of the shoulder to the ham–loin junction.…”

Section: Geometric Mean Pharmacokinetic Parameters Of Flunixin Meglummentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of transdermal flunixin in sows

Cramer

Pairis‐Garcia

Bowman

et al. 2019

The objective of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of flunixin in 12 nonlactating sows following transdermal (TD) flunixin (3.33 mg/kg) and intravenous (IV; 2.20 mg/kg) flunixin meglumine (FM) administration using a crossover design with a 10‐day washout period. Blood samples were collected postadministration from sows receiving IV FM (3, 6, 10, 20, 40 min and 1, 3, 6, 12, 16, 24, 36, and 48 hr) and from sows receiving TD flunixin (10, 20, 40 min and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hr). Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to determine plasma flunixin concentrations, and noncompartmental methods were used for PK analysis. The geometric mean ± SD area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) following IV injection was 26,820.59 ± 9,033.88 and 511.83 ± 213.98 hr ng/ml for TD route. Mean initial plasma concentration (C0) was 26,279.70 ± 3,610.00 ng/ml, and peak concentration (Cmax) was 14.61 ± 7.85 ng/ml for IV and TD administration, respectively. The percent mean bioavailability of TD flunixin was 1.55 ± 1.00. Our results demonstrate that topical administration is not an efficient route for delivering flunixin in mature sows.

“…A eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA ® cream; 5%; AstraZeneca, Cheshire, UK) was used to desensitize the skin over the site of intravenous catheterization. The calculated volume of intravenous gabapentin was administered over a 10‐second period via a 20G 1” intravenous catheter (Surflo ® , IV catheter; Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) placed in the caudal auricular vein via a technique previously described (Pairis‐Garcia et al, 2014) and followed by a 5 ml flush of heparinized saline solution (NaCl 0.9%; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA; Heparin, 1000 IU/mL; Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Schaumburg, IL, USA; 1 IU/ml). The IV catheter was removed immediately after administration of gabapentin was completed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of oral and compounded intravenous gabapentin in Duroc swine (SusScrofa)

Hampton

Queiroz‐Williams

Oubre

et al. 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of oral (OS; 20 mg/kg) and compounded intravenous (IV; 5.5 mg/kg) gabapentin in 6 healthy, adult, Duroc pigs. Subjects were randomized to receive IV and OS gabapentin in a cross‐over design, with at least 14 days of wash‐out period between the two rounds of drug administrations. Blood samples were obtained before gabapentin administration and at various times up to 24 h, and harvested plasma was stored at −80°C until analysis. Concentration of gabapentin was quantified using a previously validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method, and compartment models were fitted to time‐concentration data using non‐linear mixed effect (population) analysis. A two‐compartment model best fitted the data following IV administration. Typical values for volume of the central compartment and clearance and calculated volume of distribution at steady‐state and terminal half‐life were 170 ml/kg, 1.2 ml/(kg*min), and 594 ml/kg and 360 min, respectively. For the oral route, absorption half‐life, estimated maximal plasma concentration and time to reach maximal plasma concentration were 58 min, 9155 ng/ml, and 194 min, respectively. Estimated oral bioavailability was 47%. Short‐lived sedation (approximately 15 min) with sternal or lateral recumbency after IV administration was observed in all subjects without adverse clinical effects. Simulation based on the results of this study suggests that a first oral gabapentin dose of 15 mg/kg and subsequent doses of 8.5 mg/kg every 8 h would achieve and maintain plasma concentrations between 5 and 8 μg/ml in pigs.