2001
DOI: 10.1123/jsep.23.4.281
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Development and Preliminary Validation of an Athlete Burnout Measure

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to develop a psychometrically sound measure of athlete burnout. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis revealed burn-out dimensions reflective of emotional/physical exhaustion, reduced sense of swimming accomplishment, and swimming devaluation. In two subsequent studies, the psychometric properties of a refined version of this measure were examined. Independent samples of senior age-group swimmers and college athletes from a variety of sports completed a questionnaire that tap… Show more

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Cited by 652 publications
(912 citation statements)
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“…All four PASS-Q dimensions were also signi cantly related to burnout. The negative relationship between social support and burnout is congruent with previous research in both sport (Raedeke & Smith, 2004) and work contexts (Brown et al, 2003). The ndings, however, were not completely consistent with the suggestion of Cutrona and Russell (1990) that esteem support is the most effective dimension in achievement contexts.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 74%
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“…All four PASS-Q dimensions were also signi cantly related to burnout. The negative relationship between social support and burnout is congruent with previous research in both sport (Raedeke & Smith, 2004) and work contexts (Brown et al, 2003). The ndings, however, were not completely consistent with the suggestion of Cutrona and Russell (1990) that esteem support is the most effective dimension in achievement contexts.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 74%
“…Further, House and Kahn (1985) argued that establishing the validity of a social support measure involves consideration of the relationships between the measure and outcomes of theoretical and empirical relevance. The bene cial effects of social support have been noted for self-con dence (Freeman & Rees, 2010;Rees & Freeman, 2007) and burnout (Brown, Prashantham, & Abbott, 2003;Raedeke & Smith, 2004). Theory and empirical evidence has highlighted that there are different models in which social support may be associated with outcomes.…”
Section: Studymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Na referida proposta, a magnitude dos escores médios associados às possíveis consequências negativas do Burnout estão distribuídas de "quase nunca" para "raramente" (escore médio > 2); de "raramente" para "algumas vezes" (escore médio entre 2 e 3); de "às vezes" para "frequentemente" (escore médio entre 3 e 4) e de "frequentemente" para "maior parte do tempo" (escore médio ≥ 4). Atletas que informam escores entre 3 e 4 ou mais, já apresentam sintomas e as consequências negativas associadas ao Burnout 7,11,15 . Sendo assim, o escore de referência (2,5) indica um limiar de tendência de vulnerabilidade para Burnout.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Enfrentamento (coping) é o termo utilizado para designar o processo de lidar com demandas (internas ou externas), avaliadas pelo indivíduo como além dos seus recursos ou suas possibilidades 10 . Em atletas, Burnout é conceituado como uma resposta ao excessivo estresse crônico, sendo caracterizado por redução no desempenho, pela exaustão física e emocional, reduzido senso de realização e sentimento de desvalorização esportiva 7,11 . Acredita-se que os atletas de sucesso serão aqueles que melhores capacidades demonstram na gestão e no controle das situações potencialmente estressantes 4 , sendo esta afirmação corroborada por diversos estudos sobre estresse em atletas [12][13][14] .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
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