Development and pilot of a prescription drug monitoring program and communication intervention for pharmacists

Alley, Lindsey; Novak, Kevin; Havlin, Tyler; Irwin, Adriane N.; Carson, Jody; Johnston, Kirbee; O’Kane, Nicole; Hartung, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.12.023

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The extracted data from the included studies were then classified into main conceptual categories and summarised to align with the scoping review objective and research questions. The data extraction results are presented in Tables S1 and S2 [18–166], Supporting Information.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the research addressing prescription drug monitoring programs: A scoping review

Hoppe

Karimi

Khalil

2022

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Issues. Prescription drug monitoring programs are a harm minimisation intervention and clinical decision support tool that address the public health concern surrounding prescription drug misuse. Given the large number of studies published to date and the ongoing implementation of these programs, it is important to map the literature and identify areas for further research to improve practice. Approach. A scoping review was undertaken to identify the research on prescription drug monitoring programs published between January 2015 and April 2021. Key Findings. A total of 153 citations were included in this scoping review. The majority of the studies originated from the USA and were quantitative. Results on program effectiveness are mixed and mainly examine their association with opioid-related outcomes. Unintended consequences are revealed in the literature and this review also highlights barriers to program use. Implications. Overall, findings are mixed despite the large number of studies published to date. Mapping the literature identifies priority areas for further research that can advise policymakers and clinicians on practice improvement. Conclusion. Results on prescription drug monitoring program effectiveness are mixed and mainly examine their association with opioid-related outcomes. This review highlights barriers to prescription drug monitoring program effectiveness related to program use and system integration. Further research is needed in these areas to improve prescription drug monitoring program use and patient outcomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the research addressing prescription drug monitoring programs: A scoping review

Hoppe

Karimi

Khalil

2022

Drug and Alcohol Review

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“…Additionally, the user interface for the current PDMP is not well developed, consisting of irrelevant and unorganized data with a lack of practical workflow [ 30 ]. Apart from that, one of the major limitations in addressing the opioid crisis appropriately is the lack of training provided to prescribers regarding PDMP use [ 31 , 32 ]. Physicians are often unaware of the compliance of their PDMP use, which is further exacerbated by the complexity of the use of such software [ 29 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Prescription Drug Monitoring Program to Overcome Opioid Epidemic in West Virginia

Al-Astal¹,

Sodhi²,

Lakhani³

2022

Cureus

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The development of the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) led to an innovation in the healthcare organization system (HCOs). The PDMP system has been utilized in different states at various organizational levels in an effort to achieve improved health outcomes, reduce the number of prescription drug overdoses, and lighten the economic burden that follows. However, during the implementation of PDMP, there were several barriers and limitations that were discovered. Those barriers impeded the process of utilization of PDMP, such as the complex user interface and lack of training for healthcare providers. The purpose of this paper was to examine the advances and limitations in the utilization and implementation of PDMP in the US healthcare industry and develop strategies for effective use of PDMP in West Virginia.The qualitative part of this paper was a literature review. The paper referred to several peer-reviewed studies and research articles from several reliable resources, which were reached by databases or Google Scholar. A total of 44 articles were reviewed for this study.The implementation of the PDMP was influenced by benefits and barriers. This article reviewed several studies in general that demonstrated positive outcomes from the implementation of PDMP, including a reduced number of prescription drug overdoses, coordinated care for patients, and improved health outcomes. However, the barriers and limitations were not neglected, which mainly include integration of PDMP into the electronic health record (EHR) system, lack of training for the providers, and lack of basic standards for the use of PDMP.Although the new health reforms encouraged the adaption of PDMP among providers, data reporting and data interpretation still remain major concerns for assessing the health outcomes of PDMP implementation.

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“…The use of these theories allows for a targeted program that will allow for knowledge, confidence, and motivation to be gained according to the TPB and TDF. The TPB and the TDF were discovered through a review of similarly designed programs in the literature to be effective and practical theories to implement in the ONDP program to emphasize factors that influence behaviour change [36,47]. The TPB involves structuring the ONDP program to build confidence and motivation to strengthen the likelihood of changing a particular behaviour, in this case, proactively offering naloxone [33].…”

Section: Theories Of Behaviour Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol for the Optimizing Naloxone Dispensing in Pharmacies (ONDP) Online Continuing Education Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2022

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The number of opioid-related deaths in Canada has steadily increased since 2016 and the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened this trend. Naloxone has been pivotal for reducing opioid-related harms and death, and pharmacists play a crucial role in ensuring the supply of naloxone to Canadians through community pharmacies. However, naloxone dispensing by pharmacists is not optimal; in fact, in Ontario, only 50% of pharmacists offer naloxone, despite national guidelines that pharmacists should offer naloxone to everyone with an opioid prescription. When asked why pharmacists do not proactively offer naloxone, recent research has identified that pharmacists need continuing education to boost confidence and knowledge on how to start conversations with patients. The study involves a delayed start, double-blind randomized controlled trial, for Canadian licensed pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. The goals of the program are to increase Canadian pharmacy professional’s knowledge, confidence, and motivation to proactively offer naloxone, as well as to decrease stigma associated with naloxone. The program incorporates behaviour change techniques from the Theoretical Domains Framework and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The intervention program includes three modules that focus on improving pharmacists’ communication skills by teaching them how to proactively offer naloxone, while the control group will complete a reading assignment on the naloxone consensus guidelines. The program will involve a process and outcome evaluation in addition to a contribution analysis. This program is important for breaking down previously identified barriers and knowledge gaps for why pharmacists currently do not proactively offer naloxone. This study will provide important new information about what behaviour change techniques are successful in improving confidence and motivation in the pharmacy profession and in an online environment. Findings from this study can be used to produce a national naloxone education program that can also be implemented into current pharmacy school curriculum.

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Development and pilot of a prescription drug monitoring program and communication intervention for pharmacists

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Mapping the research addressing prescription drug monitoring programs: A scoping review

Mapping the research addressing prescription drug monitoring programs: A scoping review

Optimization of Prescription Drug Monitoring Program to Overcome Opioid Epidemic in West Virginia

Protocol for the Optimizing Naloxone Dispensing in Pharmacies (ONDP) Online Continuing Education Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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