Development and Physiological Regulation of Intestinal Lipid Absorption. II. Dietary lipid absorption, complex lipid synthesis, and the intracellular packaging and secretion of chylomicrons

Mansbach, Charles M.; Gorelick, Fred S.

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00299.2007

Cited by 137 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The first step in lipid absorption, the movement of monoacylglycerols and fatty acids across the apical membrane of enterocytes, is not well defined on a molecular level; it very likely involves different mechanisms. Several studies describe protein-dependent mechanisms, although others have reported protein-independent transport via diffusion through the apical membrane of the enterocytes (39,40) for which in particular bile salts appear to be necessary as they form micelles with the fatty acids and facilitate thereby their absorption (41). Lipids also might be taken up via endocytosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycosphingolipids are essential for intestinal endocytic function

Jennemann¹,

Kaden²,

Sandhoff³

et al. 2012

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes

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Background:The intestine contains high concentrations of glycosphingolipids, but their function remained unclear. Results: In newborn mice lacking glycosphingolipids, intestinal epithelia were indistinguishable from control littermates. However, a few days after birth, severe defects in epithelial differentiation occurred. Conclusion: Glycosphingolipid expression in the intestinal epithelium is quintessential for maintenance of resorptive function. Significance: Glycosphingolipids are essential for enterocyte function but not for brush border formation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycosphingolipids are essential for intestinal endocytic function

Jennemann¹,

Kaden²,

Sandhoff³

et al. 2012

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes

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“…MTP is modulated by several factors and typically regulated at the transcriptional level [50,51]. The newly synthesized chylomicron particle consists of apoB48, apoAIV, cholesteryl ester, triacylglycerol and phospholipid [52]. Newly synthesized, correctly folded nascent lipoproteins are transported from the ER unidirectionally to the concentrations in the plasma in association with triglyceride rich lipoproteins and HDL.…”

Section: Apolipoproteins and Chylomicron Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in physiological lipoprotein metabolism

Ramasamy

2014

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

184

159

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Abstract:Research into lipoprotein metabolism has developed because understanding lipoprotein metabolism has important clinical indications. Lipoproteins are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Recent advances include the identification of factors in the synthesis and secretion of triglyceride rich lipoproteins, chylomicrons (CM) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). These included the identification of microsomal transfer protein, the cotranslational targeting of apoproteinB (apoB) for degradation regulated by the availability of lipids, and the characterization of transport vesicles transporting primordial apoB containing particles to the Golgi. The lipase maturation factor 1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1 and an angiopoietin-like protein play a role in lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated hydrolysis of secreted CMs and VLDL so that the right amount of fatty acid is delivered to the right tissue at the right time. Expression of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/ kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has a pivotal role in the degradation of LDL receptor. Plasma remnant lipoproteins bind to specific receptors in the liver, the LDL receptor, VLDL receptor and LDL receptor-like proteins prior to removal from the plasma. Reverse cholesterol transport occurs when lipid free apoAI recruits cholesterol and phospholipid to assemble high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. The discovery of ABC transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) provided further information on the biogenesis of HDL. In humans HDLcholesterol can be returned to the liver either by direct uptake by SR-BI or through cholesteryl ester transfer protein exchange of cholesteryl ester for triglycerides in apoB lipoproteins, followed by hepatic uptake of apoB containing particles. Cholesterol content in cells is regulated by several transcription factors, including the liver X receptor and sterol regulatory element binding protein. This review summarizes recent advances in knowledge of the molecular mechanisms regulating lipoprotein metabolism.Keywords: ABCA1; angiopoietin-like proteins; apoC; apoAI; apolipoprotein E (apoE); cholesterol ester transfer protein; chylomicron; LDL receptor; lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase; lipoprotein(a); lipoprotein lipase; microsomal transfer protein; propertin convertase subtilisin/ kexin type 9; SR-BI; phospholipid transfer protein; very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Abstract 1695

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“…The uptake of cholesterol and long-chain fatty acids across the BBM is mediated both by passive transport and by BBM transporters [20,21]. Once lipids are in the enterocytes, they may be metabolized or transported out of the cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Glucan extracts inhibit the in vitro intestinal uptake of long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol and down-regulate genes involved in lipogenesis and lipid transport in rats☆

Drozdowski

Reimer

Temelli

et al. 2010

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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Background-Dietary fiber reduces the intestinal absorption of nutrients and the blood concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides.Aim-We wished to test the hypothesis that high-viscosity (HV) and low-viscosity preparations of barley and oat β-glucan modify the expression of selected genes of lipid-binding proteins in the intestinal mucosa and reduce the intestinal in vitro uptake of lipids.Methods-Five different β-glucan extracts were separately added to test solutions at concentrations of 0.1-0.5% (wt/wt), and the in vitro intestinal uptake of lipids into the intestine of rats was assessed. An intestinal cell line was used to determine the effect of β-glucan extracts on the expression of intestinal genes involved in lipid metabolism and fatty acid transport.Results-All extracts reduced the uptake of 18:2 when the effective resistance of the unstirred water layer was high. When the unstirred layer resistance was low, the HV oat β-glucan extract reduced jejunal 18:2 uptake, while most extracts reduced ileal 18:2 uptake. Ileal 18:0 uptake was reduced by the HV barley extract, while both jejunal and ileal cholesterol uptakes were reduced by the medium-purity HV barley extract. The inhibitory effect of HV barley β-glucan on 18:0 and 18:2 uptake was more pronounced at higher fatty acid concentrations. The expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol metabolism was down-regulated with the HV β-glucan extracts. β-Glucan extracts also reduced intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein and fatty acid transport protein 4 mRNA.Conclusions-The reduced intestinal fatty acid uptake observed with β-glucan is associated with inhibition of genes regulating intestinal uptake and synthesis of lipids. The inhibitory effect of β-glucan on intestinal lipid uptake raises the possibility of their selective use to reduce their intestinal absorption.☆ Laurie A. Drozdowski and Raylene A. Reimer contributed equally to this publication.

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Development and Physiological Regulation of Intestinal Lipid Absorption. II. Dietary lipid absorption, complex lipid synthesis, and the intracellular packaging and secretion of chylomicrons

Cited by 137 publications

References 25 publications

Glycosphingolipids are essential for intestinal endocytic function

Glycosphingolipids are essential for intestinal endocytic function

Recent advances in physiological lipoprotein metabolism

β-Glucan extracts inhibit the in vitro intestinal uptake of long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol and down-regulate genes involved in lipogenesis and lipid transport in rats☆

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