Development and Origin of the Respiratory-Organs in Araneæ

Purcell, William F.

doi:10.1242/jcs.s2-54.213.1

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…67) are a synapomorphy of Araneomorphae, with a subsequent reversion in the Haplogynae other than filistatids (node 6), and regain in Scytodidae, Sicariidae and Tetrablemminae as a central, fused element (see below). Confirming the hypothesis of Purcell (1909), the short apodemes of Segestriidae (and their relatives) are reduced entapophyses rather than reduced median tracheae. As supposed by the same author, the loss of the transverse furrow (char.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Most data on tracheae, entapophyses and muscle attachments were extracted from the general works by Lamy (1902), Purcell (1909Purcell ( , 1910, Kastner (1929), and references therein. Data on particular groups were found in Forster et al (1987: Austrochiloidea, Hypochiloidea), Ramirez & Grismado (1997: Filistatidae), Forster (1995: Scytodidae, Drymusidae, Sicariidae and Periegopidae), Platnick (1989: Diguetidae), Forster & Platnick (1985: Dysderoidea), Forster & Platnick (1984: Palpimanoidea), Platnick et al (1999: Palpimanidae), andForster (1970: Entelegynae).…”

Section: Systems Of the Representative Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Homology and ontogeny of respiratory structures. - Purcell (1909) convincingly demonstrated that lateral tracheae of araneomorph spiders originate as modifications of the posterior book lungs, and median tracheae as modifications of the entapophyses of the same segment. Median tracheae are distinguished from hollowed entapophyses (also called apodemal lobes) by their much more elongate shape, and by their thin cuticle; in some cases they still retain their connection with abdominal muscles (Lamy 1902).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Respiratory System Morphology and the Phylogeny of Haplogyne Spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae)

Ramı́rez

2000

Journal of Arachnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The morphology of the respiratory system of basal araneomorph spiders, the Haplogynae and of Entelegynae with female haplogyne genitalia, is reviewed. The homology of cuticular respiratory structures is discussed in light of evidence from abdominal muscles and ontogeny. Ten morphological characters (13 transformations) were coded, mainly from the posterior pulmonary (or tracheal) segment, and other 7 non-respiratory characters here added. The new data were combined with those of a previously published analysis, resulting in a data matrix of 82 characters scored for 44 terminals. The evolution of the tracheal system is traced through the phylogeny of basal spiders and the Haplogynae, and new synapomorphies are provided. Elongate 3rd abdominal entapophyses are a synapomorphy of Araneomorphae. True median tracheae are a synapomorphy of Entelegynae (convergently with Austrochilinae), as is the extreme posterior displacement and narrowing of the tracheal spiracle. Tetrablemmidae, Pholcidae, Diguetidae and Plectreuridae are united by the absence of tracheae; and these taxa are united with Scytodidae, Sicariidae and Drymusidae by the fusion of 3rd entapophyses.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Systems Of the Representative Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Respiratory System Morphology and the Phylogeny of Haplogyne Spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae)

Ramı́rez

2000

Journal of Arachnology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An expansion and contraction of the lung lamella was postulated by Weiss (1923 ) as resulting from the action of associated body muscles, other writers have attributed it to the pulsation of the blood, and it has even been supposed that the rods connecting the lamellae are elastic; but Kastner concludes that gas exchange between the atrium and the narrow cavities of the lamellae can be attributed only to 1902 ). H, Attus floricola C. Koch, apodemal and tracheal respiratory organs of segment IX (from Purcell, 1909 ). I, Liphistius malayanus Abr., pericardium and heart, anterior aorta not shown (from Bristowe and Millot, 1932 ).…”

Section: The Respiratory and The Circulatory Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Textbook of Arthropod Anatomy

1953

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

THE arthropods are a group of related invertebrates; arthropodists, for the most part, are a group of unrelated vertebrates. Each special ist, whether an entomologist, a myriapodist, a carcinologist, or an arachnologist, works in his own particular field and gives little thought to the work of specialists in other fields. As a result, the relationships of the various kinds of arthropods to one another are by some ignored, while others propose theories of arthropod phy logeny based on an insufficient knowledge of the anatomy of the arthropods in general. Since the insects are conceded to be at the top of the arthropod line of evolution, entomologists in particular have been concerned with the ancestry of insects. Some have sought to derive the insects from myriapods, others from symphylans, oth ers from crustaceans, while some would carry the insects back to the trilobites, or even in a direct line of descent to the annelid worms. Clearly, all these claims of insect ancestry cannot be true. The writer, therefore, himself for many years an entomologist, has attempted to evaluate the various theories of insect origin by brows ing around in the fields of other specialists. The final result has been the disconcerting conclusion that the facts of arthropod structure are not consistent with any proposed theory of arthropod interrela tionships. The investigation, however, has added much to the writer's own information about the comparative anatomy of the arthropods, and this information is set forth in the following chapters in the hope of making a general knowledge of the arthropods more readily available to students who expect to be specialists in one arthropod group or another. Just as a cone sits best on its base, so specialization should taper upward from a broad foundation.

show abstract

“…Keywords: Digestion, pancreatin, dissection, SEM Protocols for digesting internal soft tissues have been widely used in the entomological and arachnological literature either to observe the morphology of internal structures (e.g., Purcell 1909Purcell , 1910Lamy 1902;Machado 1951;Millidge 1984;Wibel et al 1984;Meyer 1989;Sierwald 1989;Platnick et al 1999;Ramirez 2000;Townsend et al 2000;Griswold et al 2005) or to estimate the proportion of skeletal tissues in insects (Buxton 1932). Potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, bleach) are some of the most commonly used substances in these studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%