Development and optimisation of an immunoaffinity-based solid-phase extraction for chlortoluron

Shahtaheri, SJ; Katmeh, M. Fawaz; Kwasowski, P.; Stevenson, D.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)01088-v

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The first commercial ISs were introduced for the clean-up of samples for the determination of aflatoxins. Other ISs have been described in the literature for the analysis of single pesticides such as carbendazim, chlortoluron, atrazine or terbuthylazine [1][2][3]. Because of the unavoidable cross-reactivity of antibodies against atrazine, ISs were developed for trapping atrazine and its major degradation products [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of immunosorbents used as a new approach to selective solid-phase extraction in environmental analysis

et al. 1997

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SummaryThe trace-level determination of organic pollutants in complex matrices is difficult and often not reliable because the current extraction procedures are non-selective. New extraction sorbents involving antigen-antibody interactions, called immunosorbents (ISs), have been synthesised in order to trap a group of structurally related pollutants. The IS capacity is always high for the analyte-antigen used to make the antibodies, but can be low for some related compounds. In this work, we show the relationship that exists between capacity, breakthrough volume and recovery of analytes because of the competition between the structurally related compounds for antibody sites. Breakthrough due to the overloading of the column should be avoided because calibration curves are no longer linear. The capacity of two ISs, one made for trapping the triazine pesticide group and the second for the phenylurea group, have been optimised by selecting silica with 50 nm pore size. Calibration curves are linear for all the compounds in a mixture of ten phenylureas up to a concentration of 5 to 10 gg L -1 for each compound when handling 50 mL water samples through a precolumn packed with 0.22 g of IS. Under these conditions, reliable quantitative results are obtained because calibration curves are similar when compounds are alone or in a mixture. Ap-

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of immunosorbents used as a new approach to selective solid-phase extraction in environmental analysis

et al. 1997

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“…As stated in a previous publication [9] cross-reactivity could be seen as an advantage when there is the need to isolate a class of compounds (e.g. phenylureas) which can be separated by instrumental chromatography.…”

Section: Column Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Methanol, ethanol, hydrochloric acid, glacial acetic acid, disodium hydrogen orthophosphate, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, potassium chloride and sodium chloride were analytical reagent grade from BDH-Merck, (Poole, UK). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2-7.4, was prepared as previously described [9].…”

Section: Experimental Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One other major advantage of using an immuno-extraction (or indeed a conventional solid-phase extraction) followed by chromatography is that it allows the possibility of confirming the identity of an analyte by spectroscopic techniques such as mass-spectrometry. We have recently shown that it is possible to use antisera covalently bound onto silica as a highly selective solidphase extraction and enrichment method [9]. Most of the current descriptions of immuno-extraction use soft gels and cannot elute in a small volume, which may indicate a large contribution from non-specific binding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly selective antibody-mediated extraction of isoproturon from complex matrices

1998

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SummaryFor the analysis of pesticides such as isoproturon in complex matrices the rate determining step is sample preparation. A novel solid-phase extraction system for isoproturon based on antibody mediated extraction has been developed. The isoproturon can be retained while the immuno-extraction column is washed with phosphate buffered saline and eluted using phosphate buffered saline/ethanol at low pH. The column can preconcentrate isoproturon from up to at least 1000 mL water and elute in 1 mL. Quantitative recovery of isoproturon from water, plasma and urine can be obtained and the proposed water assay can detect as low as 50 ng L -1 with a 50 mL sample, or 5 ng L -1 with a 1 L sample.

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“…Other ISs have been described in the literature for the analysis of single pesticides such as carbendazim, chlortoluron, atrazine or t e r butylazine [1][2][3][4]. Howeve r, because of the unavo i d abl e cross-reactivity of antibodies tailored for small molecules, ISs we re also developed for the selective ex t raction of a whole group of structurally related compounds such as the triazine and phenylurea pesticides including their metabolites [5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Immunoextraction of pesticides at the trace level in environmental matrices

Bouzige¹,

Pichon²

1998

Analusis

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T he determ i n ation of organic pollutants in complex environmental matrices such as surface waters, sediments, soils, plant tissues or foodstuffs at a trace-level is laborious, time-consuming and often not reliable because sample pretreatment procedures involve too many steps and also because current solid-phase extraction sorbents are non selective. Many matrix components are co-extracted and coe l u t e d, so that an additional clean-up is usually re q u i re d prior to the final analysis by gas (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC). The selectivity can be greatly improved by providing new ex t raction sorbents involving antige n -a n t i b o dy interactions, so called immunosorbents (ISs). Antibodies are covalently bonded onto an appropriate sorbent to form the IS, to be packed into a solid-phase extraction cartridge or a precolumn and used as a classical extraction sorbent.Immunochemistry has been introduced for a long time for analysis and/or sample pretreatment in the medical and biological field, but, its introduction in the environmental field is re l at ive ly re c e n t , c e rt a i n ly because of the difficulty of making antibodies for small molecules. In the medical field, ISs have been often developed for the analysis of a single analyte and its metabolites which are structurally related to the parent molecule.In contrast to immunoassays, ISs provide individual quant i fi c ation of each analy t e s , b e c a u s e, once the compounds have been recognized and extracted onto the IS, they are desorbed, separated and analyzed. Therefore the cross-reactivity which can be a problem for immunoassays can be used in this case for the selective extraction of a whole group of structurally related compounds.The first commercial ISs were introduced for the cleanup of samples for the determination of aflatoxins. Other ISs have been described in the literature for the analysis of single pesticides such as carbendazim, chlortoluron, atrazine or t e r butylazine [1][2][3][4]. Howeve r, because of the unavo i d abl e cross-reactivity of antibodies tailored for small molecules, ISs we re also developed for the selective ex t raction of a whole group of structurally related compounds such as the triazine and phenylurea pesticides including their metabolites [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The class-selective trapping is now recognized as a key fe at u re of ISs to be tailored for env i ro n m e n t a l analysis of pesticides. There is also an interest to develop IS for single analytes which are particularly difficult to analyze at tra c e -l evel because of the lack of ava i l able ex t ra c t i o n methods from water such as aminotriazole. Synthesis of the immunosorbentsThe overall process for the preparation of an immunosorbent first involves the production of antibodies. Low molecular mass compounds such as pesticides are unable to evoke an i m mune re s p o n s e. Then production of antibodies towa rd s small molecules (haptens) invo l ves the at t a chment of this molecule (or an analog of it) to a larger molecule, as a...

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Development and optimisation of an immunoaffinity-based solid-phase extraction for chlortoluron

Cited by 45 publications

References 7 publications

Characteristics of immunosorbents used as a new approach to selective solid-phase extraction in environmental analysis

Characteristics of immunosorbents used as a new approach to selective solid-phase extraction in environmental analysis

Highly selective antibody-mediated extraction of isoproturon from complex matrices

Immunoextraction of pesticides at the trace level in environmental matrices

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