“…Increasing current up to 20 cycle can be attributted to the increasing carboxyl groups of the intensified copolymer with increasing electropolymerization duration, because these groups provide more capacity for chemical enzyme immobilization. The current decrase beyond 20 cycle indicated that the surface of the film was too dense, and as a result of this, pyruvate and phosphate diffusions and also electron transport on the surface were limited . Optimum duration for electropolymerization was set as 20 cycle for the generation of the improved signals for phosphate measurements.…”
A biosensor based on conductive poly(pyrrole‐co‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid) [Poly(Py‐co‐PyCOOH)] copolymer film coated gold electrode was developed for the quantitative phosphate determination. Enzyme pyruvate oxidase was immobilized chemically via the functional carboxylated groups of the copolymer. The potential to be applied which is deficiency of phosphate biosensor studies for precise phosphate detection was clarified by using differential pulse voltammetry technique. Performance of the sensing ability of the biosensor was improved by optimizing cofactor/cosubstrate concentrations, polymeric film density and pH. The biosensor showed a linearity up to phosphate concentration of 5 mM, operational stability with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.07 % (n=7) and accuracy of 101 % at −0.15 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Detection limit (LOD) and sensitivity were calculated to be 13.3 μM and 5.4 μA mM−1 cm−2, respectively by preserving 50 % of its initial response at the end of 30 days. It's performance was tested to determine phosphate concentrations in two streams of Zonguldak City in Turkey. Accuracy of phosphate measurement in stream water was found to be 91 %.
“…Increasing current up to 20 cycle can be attributted to the increasing carboxyl groups of the intensified copolymer with increasing electropolymerization duration, because these groups provide more capacity for chemical enzyme immobilization. The current decrase beyond 20 cycle indicated that the surface of the film was too dense, and as a result of this, pyruvate and phosphate diffusions and also electron transport on the surface were limited . Optimum duration for electropolymerization was set as 20 cycle for the generation of the improved signals for phosphate measurements.…”
A biosensor based on conductive poly(pyrrole‐co‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid) [Poly(Py‐co‐PyCOOH)] copolymer film coated gold electrode was developed for the quantitative phosphate determination. Enzyme pyruvate oxidase was immobilized chemically via the functional carboxylated groups of the copolymer. The potential to be applied which is deficiency of phosphate biosensor studies for precise phosphate detection was clarified by using differential pulse voltammetry technique. Performance of the sensing ability of the biosensor was improved by optimizing cofactor/cosubstrate concentrations, polymeric film density and pH. The biosensor showed a linearity up to phosphate concentration of 5 mM, operational stability with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.07 % (n=7) and accuracy of 101 % at −0.15 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Detection limit (LOD) and sensitivity were calculated to be 13.3 μM and 5.4 μA mM−1 cm−2, respectively by preserving 50 % of its initial response at the end of 30 days. It's performance was tested to determine phosphate concentrations in two streams of Zonguldak City in Turkey. Accuracy of phosphate measurement in stream water was found to be 91 %.
“…They are suitable to prepare nanocomposite containing metal nano particles or quantum dots [27]. PP-g-PEG copolymer containing gold or cobalt oxide nanoparticles was successfully used in an enzymatic fuel cell for renewable fuels [28]. Gold nanoparticle embedded PP-g-PEG amphiphilic copolymer fibers presented in this work were obtained via electrospinning.…”
Since the dissolution of polyolefins is a chronic problem, melt processing has been tacitly accepted as an obligation. In this work, polypropylene (PP) was modified on molecular level incorporating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as graft segment (PP-g-PEG) in a range of 6 to 9 mol%. Gold nanoparticles were nucleated in the presence of the copolymer chains via redox reaction. The dissolution of the amphiphilic comb-type graft copolymers containing gold nanoparticles (80 nm in diameter) was achieved in toluene and successfully electrospun from its solution. The diameter of composite fibers was in the range from 0.3 to 2.5 µm. The design of the structurally organized copolymer fiber mats provided a support medium for the nanoparticles enhancing the active surface area for the catalytic applications. The resulting composite fibers exhibited rapid catalytic reduction of methylene blue (MB) dye in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) compared to corresponding composite cast film.
“…Among others, metal nanoparticles dispersed in polymeric or oxide matrices are envisaged as promising candidates for catalysts or sensor interactive materials [4,5,6]. In fact, the nanoscale provides a high specific surface area, favoring a better dispersion of metal nanoparticles and an increase in their intrinsic activity [7,8]. In particular, metal nanoparticles, and especially gold nanoparticles, combine the synthetic versatility of surface functionalization [9,10,11] with their inherent ability to act as catalysts or carriers, allowing their use in a variety of applications, ranging from plasmonics, sensors, and energy applications [12,13], to well assessed studies in biotechnology and nanomedicine [14,15,16,17].…”
Gold nanoparticles, capped by 3-mercapto propane sulfonate (Au-3MPS), were synthesized inside a swollen sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membrane (sPEEK). The formation of the Au-3MPS nanoparticles in the swollen sPEEK membrane was observed by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The nanocomposite containing the gold nanoparticles grown in the sPEEK membrane, showed the plasmon resonance λmax at about 520 nm, which remained stable over a testing period of three months. The size distribution of the nanoparticles was assessed, and the sPEEK membrane roughness, both before and after the synthesis of nanoparticles, was studied by AFM. The XPS measurements confirm Au-3MPS formation in the sPEEK membrane. Moreover, AFM experiments recorded in fluid allowed the production of images of the Au-3MPS@sPEEK composite in water at different pH levels, achieving a better understanding of the membrane behavior in a water environment; the dynamic hydration process of the Au-3MPS@sPEEK membrane was investigated. These preliminary results suggest that the newly developed nanocomposite membranes could be promising materials for fuel cell applications.
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