Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa

Mokrý, Jaroslav; Pisal, Rishikaysh

doi:10.3390/ijms21249736

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The skin regulates body temperature, provides immune defense, and prevents pathogen invasion 57,66 . Different stem cells exist in the skin and skin appendages 67 and exhibit strong regeneration potential under damage to the skin. Skin photoaging is characterized by a decrease in the activity and number of epidermal stem cells (EPCs) 68 .…”

Section: Stem Cell Therapy For Skin Rejuvenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in exosomal non‐coding RNA‐based therapeutic approaches for photoaging

Li,

Zhou,

Guo

et al. 2023

Skin Research and Technology

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BackgroundPhotoaging is a degenerative biological process that affects the quality of life. It is caused by environmental factors including ultraviolet radiation (UVR), deep skin burns, smoking, active oxygen, chemical substances, and trauma. Among them, UVR plays a vital role in the aging process.AimWith the continuous development of modern medicine, clinical researchers have investigated novel approaches to treat aging. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), non‐coding RNAs are involved in various physiological processes have broad clinical application as they have the advantages of convenient samples, abundant sources, and avoidable ethical issues.MethodsThis article reviews research progress on five types of stem cell, exosomes, non‐coding RNA in the context of photoaging treatment: adipose‐derived stem cell, human umbilical cord MSCs, epidermal progenitor cells, keratinocyte stem cells, and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). It also includes stem cell related exosomes and their non‐coding RNA research.ResultsThe results have clinical guiding significance for prevention and control of the onset and development of photoaging. It is found that stem cells secrete cytokines, cell growth factors, non‐coding RNA, exosomes and proteins to repair aging skin tissues and achieve skin rejuvenation. In particular, stem cell exosomes and non‐coding RNA are found to have significant research potential, as they possess the benefits of their source cells without the disadvantages which include immune rejection and granuloma formation.

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Section: Stem Cell Therapy For Skin Rejuvenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in exosomal non‐coding RNA‐based therapeutic approaches for photoaging

Li,

Zhou,

Guo

et al. 2023

Skin Research and Technology

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“…According to previous studies, a complex regulatory mechanism involving multiple genes and pathways underlies hair placode formation ( Duverger and Morasso, 2009 ; Schneider et al, 2009 ; Sennett and Rendl, 2012 ). Besides lncRNA627.1/miR-29a-5p/EDAR, we also identified other DE mRNAs at E41, such as BMP3 ( Nie et al, 2018 ), DKK4 ( Mokry and Pisal, 2020 ), FGFR2 ( Nguyen et al, 2018 ) , and FRZB ( Hu et al, 2020 ), which participate in hair placode formation via the Wnt/β-catenin, BMP and FGF signaling pathways ( Supplementary Table S2 ). Although excluded from ceRNA construction, these were differentially expressed between normal and hairless pigs at E41, suggesting these genes may exert a synergistic effect on hair placode formation via other regulatory mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

miR-29a-5p Inhibits Prenatal Hair Placode Formation Through Targeting EDAR by ceRNA Regulatory Network

Jiang

Liu

Zou

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Hair placode formation is an important stage of hair follicle morphogenesis and it is a complex process facilitated by non-coding RNAs. In this study, we conducted whole transcriptome sequencing analysis of skin, heart, liver, lung, and kidney tissues of day 41 (E41) normal and hairless pig embryos, and respectively detected 15, 8, and 515 skin-specific differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. Furthermore, 18 competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed. Following weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of stages E39, E41, E45, E52, and E60, between normal and hairless pig embryos, only two ceRNAs (lncRNA2162.1/miR-29a-5p/BMPR1b and lncRNA627.1/miR-29a-5p/EDAR) that showed period-specific differential expression in E41 skin were retained. Dual-luciferase reporter assays further indicated that EDAR was a direct, functioning target of miR-29a-5p and that no binding site was found in BMPR1b. Moreover, miR-29a-5p overexpression inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of EDAR while no significant differential expression of BMPR1b was detected. In addition, over-expressed lncRNA627.1 reduces the expression of miR-29a-5p and increase EDAR expression while inhibits lncRNA627.1 resulted in a opposite expression trend. Cell proliferation result demonstrated that lower expression of EDAR and lncRNA627.1 inhibited hair placode precursor cells (HPPCs) proliferation in a manner similar to that shown by over-expressed miR-29a-5p. This study identified that miR-29a-5p inhibited HPPCs proliferation via the suppression of EDAR expression in the EDA/EDAR signaling pathway, while lncRNA627.1 rescues EDAR expression. Our study provides a basis for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the ceRNA complex, miR29a-5p/EDAR/lncRNA627.1, that could regulate hair placode formation, which may help decipher diseases affecting human hair.

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“…Stem cells expressing Blimp1 or CD34 are predominantly located in the isthmus and bulge regions. 9,13,14 Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the expression of CD34, p63, LGR6 and LGR5 significantly decreased in atrophic acne scar compared to normal skin (Figure 2b). The expression of CK15 and Blimp1 also tended to decrease, however the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.077 for CK15 and p = 0.236 for Blimp1).…”

Section: Expression Of Stem Cell Markers Is Reduced In the Interfolli...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in epidermal stem cells within the pilosebaceous unit in atrophic acne scars

Kim,

Yoon,

Lee

et al. 2024

Aust J Dermatology

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BackgroundAtrophic acne scarring is a common sequela of inflammatory acne, causing significant problems for affected patients. Although prolonged inflammation and subsequent aberrant tissue regeneration are considered the underlying pathogenesis, the role of epidermal stem cells, which are crucial to the regeneration of pilosebaceous units, remains unknown.ObjectivesTo examine the changes occurring in epidermal stem cells in atrophic acne scars.MethodsChanges in collagen, elastic fibre and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR expression were analysed in normal skin and inflammatory acne lesions at days 1, 3 and 7 after development. The expression of epidermal stem cell markers and proliferation markers was compared between normal skin and mature atrophic acne scar tissue.ResultsIn acne lesions, inflammation had invaded into pilosebaceous units over time. Their normal structure had been destructed and replaced with a reduced amount of collagen and elastic fibre. Expression of stem cell markers including CD34, p63, leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G protein‐coupled receptor (LGR)6 and LGR5, which are expressed in the interfollicular epidermis, isthmus and bulge of hair follicles, significantly decreased in atrophic acne scar tissue compared to normal skin. Epidermal proliferation was significantly reduced in scar tissue.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that as inflammatory acne lesions progress, inflammation gradually infiltrates the pilosebaceous unit and affects the resident stem cells. This disruption impedes the normal regeneration of the interfollicular epidermis and adnexal structures, resulting in atrophic acne scars.

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Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa

Cited by 18 publications

References 92 publications

Recent advances in exosomal non‐coding RNA‐based therapeutic approaches for photoaging

Recent advances in exosomal non‐coding RNA‐based therapeutic approaches for photoaging

miR-29a-5p Inhibits Prenatal Hair Placode Formation Through Targeting EDAR by ceRNA Regulatory Network

Alterations in epidermal stem cells within the pilosebaceous unit in atrophic acne scars

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