Development and Kikuyu Consumption of PreimaginalHerpetogramma licarsisalis(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Reared at Temperatures Between 15 and 25°C

Jensen, Joanne G.; Cameron, C. A.

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-33.5.1178

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Our study demonstrated that the lower thermal threshold for total development is 13.1ЊC using the linear model and between 12.2 and 15.0ЊC using the nonlinear models.Jensen and Cam- eron (2004) concluded that the lower developmental threshold for the grass webworm, Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Walker) falls somewhere between 10.8 and 15ЊC. The optimum temperature for H. licarsisalis was reported at or slightly above 31ЊC based on the limited observations ofTashiro (1976), which is close to the observed (30ЊC) and estimated optimum temperature for egg-to-adult development by our nonlinear models (29.4 Ð32.3ЊC) Jensen and Cameron (2004). studied the developmental time of H. licarsisalis and found that larvae fed kikuyu grass, Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst.…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

“…ex Chiov, required 25.0 d at 25ЊC, 43.4 d at 20ЊC, 50.4 d at 18ЊC, and 81.4 d at 15ЊC to complete the development from egg to adult. These developmental times appear faster than H. phaeopteralis at 25 and 20ЊC on St. Augustinegrass (41.0 and 47.8 d, respectively).In our experiment survivorship declined with decreasing temperature, a trend also reported with H. licarsisalis(Jensen and Cameron 2004). It appears that H. licarsisalis that successfully developed at 15ЊC has a lower developmental threshold compared with H. phaeopteralis (our study), which may result in different ecological adaptations or host plant associations.To facilitate our research, we evaluated several existing lepidopteran artiÞcial diets for their usefulness in rearing H. phaeopteralis.…”

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confidence: 75%

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Thermal Requirements and Development of Herpetogramma phaeopteralis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae)

et al. 2012

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The tropical sod webworm, Herpetogramma phaeopteralis Guenée is a major turfgrass pest in the southeastern United States. We evaluated larval development on five artificial diets and at six temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, 35 +/- 1 degree C) on St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze). Only larvae fed St. Augustinegrass and soy-wheat germ diets completed their lifecycles. None of the artificial diets tested (corn-based, soy-wheat germ, corn cob-wheat germ, corn cob-soy flour, or pinto bean) were suitable for rearing this species, because of high mortality and slower developmental time. Total developmental time (oviposition to adult) on S. secundatum significantly decreased from 47.8 d at 20 degrees C to 21.1 d at 30 degrees C, and then increased to 32.6 d at 32.5 degrees C. Tropical sod webworm failed to complete larval development at 15 and 35 degrees C. The relationship between temperature and developmental rate was described using linear (common and polynomial) and nonlinear models (Briere-1, Briere-2, and Lactin-2). The estimated lower temperature thresholds using a linear model for eggs, first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth instars, prepupa, pupa, and total development were 10.1, 6.9, 12.3, 10.5, 15.3, 13.9, 9.1, 13.1, 12.0, and 13.1 degrees C, and the thermal constant of these stages were 62.9, 66.2, 38.2, 40.3, 24.9, 32.3, 51.9, 106.4, 109.9, and 370.4 degree-days, respectively. The Briere-1 model provided the best fit with estimated lower, upper, and optimum thresholds for total development of 14.9, 34.3, and 29.4 degrees C, respectively. The developmental requirements of H. phaeopteralis can be used to help predict the distribution and seasonal phenology of this pest.

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confidence: 81%

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confidence: 75%

Thermal Requirements and Development of Herpetogramma phaeopteralis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae)

et al. 2012

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“…While gender may predispose a larva to have an extra instar to enable females to achieve a high degree of sexual size dimorphism (Esperk & Tammaru, 2006;Esperk et al, 2007b), environmental conditions associated with extra instars are usually adverse ones causing lower growth rates and smaller individuals. Manipulating an environmental condition for the worse often causes an increase in the proportion of larvae exhibiting a higher number of instars (Morita & Tojo, 1985;Casimero et al, 2000;Jensen & Cameron, 2004;Gould et al, 2005), suggesting that individuals are genetically capable of exhibiting either phenotype. Therefore it is likely that in most cases having extra instars fits the compensation hypothesis, in which an extra instar enables a slow-growing individual to continue growing for longer and pupate at a normal weight (Esperk et al, 2007a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and development in a lepidopteran with variable instar number, Pseudocoremia suavis (Geometridae), under standard rearing conditions and when parasitised by Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Barraclough¹,

Burgess²,

Kean³

et al. 2014

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Growth and development in a lepidopteran with variable instar number,Abstract. Though extra instars are often associated with poor conditions and thought to be a compensation for a low growth rate, the reasons why they are necessary, and for variable instar number existing under standard rearing conditions, are not yet clear. In standard rearing conditions, approximately half of Pseudocoremia suavis larvae had five instars (Type I larvae), and half six instars (Type II larvae). Type II larvae took longer to pupate and reached higher pupal weights than Type I larvae. The extra instar was not related to sexual size dimorphism; Type II larvae were not more likely to be females. Females of both Types pupated later than males and had higher pupal weights; this weight gain was achieved wholly via an extended final instar. Relative growth rates (RGR), instar durations and larval weights on weigh days were otherwise the same for both sexes. For most of the larval period, Type II larvae had lower RGR and lower weights than Type I larvae. They also had shorter 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th instars than Type I larvae, and the estimated weights at each moult were significantly lower. The Types are discussed in terms of being, in species with weight thresholds for pupation, not optional "strategies" involving different critical weight ratios for larval moults, but as an inevitable consequence of physiological timing constraints upon reaching the critical weights for larval moults causing large variation in size after the moult. Small larvae may then need an extra instar to reach pupation. When parasitised in the second instar by Meteorus pulchricornis, P. suavis larvae produced parasitoids in either their fourth (4 th instar emerging (IE)) or fifth instar (5 th IE). The estimated moulting weights at each instar of 4 th IE and 5 th IE hosts were very similar to those of Type I and Type II unparasitised larvae respectively, which, together with similarity of instar duration patterns, is strongly suggestive of Types being present within parasitised larvae. The proportion of 5 th IE hosts in the much slowergrowing parasitised treatment was greater than the proportion of Type II larvae in the unparasitised treatment, as might be expected if Type II is associated with lower RGR. The lack of further Types appearing is consistent with extra instars being a compensation for small weight after the moult rather than low RGR per se.

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“…However, this period will be considerably longer during the cooler periods of the year. Immature stages cease development below 11 o C (Jensen & Cameron 2004). The mature larva makes a cocoon of webbing and dead grass material and forms a reddish-brown pupal case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and predicting populations of the tropical grass webworm (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) a pest of kikuyu pasture in Northland

Dymock¹,

Gibb²,

Suckling³

2009

ProNZG

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Development and Kikuyu Consumption of PreimaginalHerpetogramma licarsisalis(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Reared at Temperatures Between 15 and 25°C

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Thermal Requirements and Development of <I>Herpetogramma phaeopteralis</I> (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae)

Thermal Requirements and Development of <I>Herpetogramma phaeopteralis</I> (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae)

Growth and development in a lepidopteran with variable instar number, Pseudocoremia suavis (Geometridae), under standard rearing conditions and when parasitised by Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Monitoring and predicting populations of the tropical grass webworm (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) a pest of kikuyu pasture in Northland

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