Development and In Vitro Analysis of Layer-by-Layer Assembled Membranes for Potential Wound Dressing: Electrospun Curcumin/Gelatin as Middle Layer and Gentamicin/Polyvinyl Alcohol as Outer Layers

Abstract

Nanofibrous membranes made of hydrogels have high specific surface areas and are suitable as drug carriers. Multilayer membranes fabricated by continuous electrospinning could delay drug release by increasing diffusion pathways, which is beneficial for long-term wound care. In this experiment, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gelatin were used as membrane substrates, and a sandwich PVA/gelatin/PVA structure of layer-by-layer membranes was prepared by electrospinning under different drug loading concentrations and spinning times. The outer layers on both sides were citric-acid-crosslinked PVA membranes loaded with gentamicin as an electrospinning solution, and the middle layer was a curcumin-loaded gelatin membrane for the study of release behavior, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility. According to the in vitro release results, the multilayer membrane could release curcumin slowly; the release amount was about 55% less than that of the single layer within 4 days. Most of the prepared membranes showed no significant degradation during immersion, and the phosphonate-buffered saline absorption rate of the multilayer membrane was about five to six times its weight. The results of the antibacterial test showed that the multilayer membrane loaded with gentamicin had a good inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In addition, the layer-by-layer assembled membrane was non-cytotoxic but detrimental to cell attachment at all gentamicin-carrying concentrations. This feature could be used as a wound dressing to reduce secondary damage to the wound when changing the dressing. This multilayer wound dressing could be applied to wounds in the future to reduce the risk of bacterial infection and help wounds heal.

Hybrid-Aligned Fibers of Electrospun Gelatin with Antibiotic and Polycaprolactone Composite Membranes as an In Vitro Drug Delivery System to Assess the Potential Repair Capacity of Damaged Cornea

“…The bands at 1239 and 1168 cm −1 are (C–O–C) [ 33 ]. The bands of amide I (C=O; C–N) at 1630 cm −1 , amide II (N–H) at 1524 cm −1 , and amide III (C–N) at 1238 cm −1 can be observed in the Gel curve [ 34 , 35 ]. In the Genta spectrum, individual bands of stretched O–H at 3615 cm −1 , stretched N–H at 1679 cm −1 , and bent O–H at 838 cm −1 can be observed [ 36 ].…”

Green Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedicine and Biotechnology

“…Near-field and centrifugal spinning also address the energy intensiveness issue through mechanical or lower electrical field approaches. Bacterial nanocellulose and solar electrospinning showcase truly renewable options [21,44,53]. Bacterial culture facilitates the in situ growth of cellulose nanofibers from biomass.…”

“…Key benefits offered by these greener methods include solvent avoidance, applicability to diverse materials, reduced processing demands, and self-powered or biomass-based manufacturing. These enhancements help realize the principles of green chemistry and engineering for electrospun materials [53][54][55]. Overall sustainability is improved compared to conventional techniques through various innovations.…”