Development and In Situ Application of Deformation Monitoring System for Concrete-Face Rockfill Dam Using Fiber Optic Gyroscope

Abstract

Deformation monitoring is of importance to ensure the operation status of concrete-face rockfill dams (CFRD). This paper reported a novel fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) monitoring system for continuously monitoring face slab deformation of CFRD, which consisted of a permanent monitoring pipeline and a sensing vehicle. The monitoring pipeline was made of steel pipes and polyvinyl chloride polymer connectors, which was embedded in a slot of the crushing-type sidewall beneath the concrete face slab of CFRD, forming a permanent monitoring channel. The sensing vehicle was equipped with a high-precision FOG sensor. A low-pass filter was designed to eliminate the vibration noise of the angular velocities of the sensing vehicle during the monitoring process. An in situ test was carried out on the Shuibuya dam, the highest CFRD in the world. The measurements of the FOG monitoring system agreed well with traditional instrument measurements, serving as validation of the system. The FOG monitoring system has the advantages of excellent repeatability, long service life, distributed monitoring, and automatic measurement.

The smell of lung disease: a review of the current status of electronic nose technology

“…Several machine learning models have been proposed as appropriate algorithms for modelling complex nonlinear relationships in medical research data, such as breathprints. These models include, amongst others, artificial neural networks (mimicking the structure of animal brains to model functions), ensemble neural networks (many neural networks working together to solve a problem), and support vector machines (SVM, creating a hyperplane which allows the modelling of highly complex relationships) [ 14 , 15 ]. A comparison between eNose studies show that SVM algorithm is most frequently used (10 out of 17 studies in 2019) [ 15 ].…”

Design of an integrable double-sided optoplasmonic gyroscope via a bent hybrid structure

“…In fact, optical gyroscopes provide noteworthy features like high speed, high accuracy, and high reliability in optical wavelengths 1 , 4 , 10 – 12 . However, these sensors have some shortages including big size and high resolution 1 , 12 – 15 . Consequently, it is needed to investigate some solutions to remove the mentioned issues.…”

In situ measurement of rockfill dam settlement using fiber optic gyroscope monitoring system

“…Quite recently, a novel FOG-based deflection monitoring system was originally designed by the authors' team for distributed monitoring of the face slab deflection of Shuibuya CFRD, which has been in service since 2007 and still provides effective monitoring data. 25 Inspiring by the long-term promising in situ measured results from the FOG-based deflection monitoring system, an advanced internal settlement monitoring system using FOG for monitoring the internal settlement of dam body in rockfill dams was developed in this paper; this system mainly consists of a pipeline, an intelligent vehicle installed with a high-precision FOG sensor, and an SD card; it is different from the previous system in three aspects: (a) This system not only can be used to measure the deflection of face slab in CFRD but also can be directly applied for the internal settlement monitoring of the dam body; (b) the deduction of the deformation of the dam using these two systems is different although their working principle is similar; (c) the previous system only needs one traction motor for controlling the movement of the sensing vehicle while the present system requires backward traction and forward traction. Moreover, the present system has three advantages: (a) The installation of pipeline less interferes with the construction of the dam, providing a permanent monitoring channel and effective long-term monitoring; (b) the settlement monitoring system using FOG is a quasi-distributed measurement technique by which the internal settlement of the whole section of the dam body at an elevation can be obtained; (c) the monitoring process of the present system is automatic without needing too much manual operation.…”