Development and Implementation of Clinical Pharmacist Services Within an Integrated Medical Group

Musselman, Kerri T.; Moczygemba, Leticia R.; Pierce, Andrea; Plum, Mary-Beth F.; Brokaw, Deborah K; Kelly, David L.

doi:10.1177/0897190015617667

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, this is consistent with previous studies that report prioritizing similar services when developing and implementing new clinical pharmacy services. 28 , 29 A similar survey distributed to providers within a PCMH identified top-tier clinical services as medication counseling, reconciliation, adherence assessment, polypharmacy assessment, and drug information consultations. 30 Of note, pain management was only reported to be offered in 35% of the practices but was ranked as one of the most impactful in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical pharmacists in primary care: Provider satisfaction and perceived impact on quality of care provided

et al. 2017

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Purpose:The purpose of this study is to evaluate primary care provider satisfaction and perceived impact of clinical pharmacy services on the disease state management in primary care.Methods:A cross-sectional survey with 24 items and 4 domains was distributed anonymously to pharmacy residency program directors across the United States who were requested to forward the survey to their primary care provider colleagues. Primary care providers were asked to complete the survey.Results:A total of 144 primary care providers responded to the survey, with 130 reporting a clinical pharmacist within their primary care practice and 114 completing the entire survey. Primary care providers report pharmacists positively impact quality of care (mean = 5.5 on Likert scale of 1–6; standard deviation = 0.72), high satisfaction with pharmacy services provided (5.5; standard deviation = 0.79), and no increase in workload as a result of clinical pharmacists (5.5; standard deviation = 0.77). Primary care providers would recommend clinical pharmacists to other primary care practices (5.7; standard deviation = 0.59). Primary care providers perceived specific types of pharmacy services to have the greatest impact on patient care: medication therapy management (38.6%), disease-focused management (29.82%), and medication reconciliation (11.4%). Primary care providers indicated the most valuable disease-focused pharmacy services as diabetes (58.78%), hypertension (9.65%), and pain (11.4%).Conclusion:Primary care providers report high satisfaction with and perceived benefit of clinical pharmacy services in primary care and viewed medication therapy management and disease-focused management of diabetes, hypertension, and pain as the most valuable clinical pharmacy services. These results can be used to inform development or expansion of clinical pharmacy services in primary care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical pharmacists in primary care: Provider satisfaction and perceived impact on quality of care provided

et al. 2017

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“…After additional discussion, authors’ excluded an additional 4 articles during full-text review due to lack of relevance related to outcomes of pharmacist involvement with AWVs. 1,5,6,10 A total of 11 articles were included for full review and data extraction. 7 –9,11 –18 There were various study designs including quantitative, qualitative, mixed method, practice development, and descriptive papers as depicted in Table 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacist-Led Annual Wellness Visits: A Review

Osae

Rotelli

2019

Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Objective: To summarize findings of pharmacist involvement with Medicare Annual Wellness Visits (AWV), including the number of pharmacist interventions, patient/provider satisfaction, and billing models. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect College Edition Journals Collection-Health and Life Sciences, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Medline, and Academic Search Complete, including dates between January 01, 2011, and November 05, 2018. Study Selection: Search was limited to full-text, peer-reviewed articles, published in English which were relevant based on identification of a pharmacist’s role in AWV. Search terms included “Medicare annual wellness visits” and “Pharmacists.” Data Extraction: A data extraction tool was used to collect study authors, year published, study design, description of intervention, objectives, primary outcome measures, model of care, clinic setting, location, results, number of patients, and overall effect. Results: Of the 139 returned citations, 11 met inclusion criteria. Of the practice settings, 7 (72.72%) utilized a collaborative practice agreement for conducting AWV. Six (54.54%) of the studies measured financial outcomes, 3 (27.27%) measured satisfaction of students/patients/physicians, 2 (18.18%) measured clinical outcomes, and finally 4 (36.36%) measured number and types of interventions. Review revealed that 6 (54.54%) articles had more medication-related interventions than nonmedication-related interventions. Studies evaluating finances as it relates to AWVs had various findings including 38% return on investment, higher reimbursement for pharmacist-led visits, and an increase in revenue. Conclusion: In a variety of outpatient health centers, AWV were conducted by pharmacists, had a positive impact on patient care, and had high satisfaction rates between patients and physicians.

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“…To help garner support for the new guideline, the pharmacist decides to optimize peer influence at the interpersonal layer by first meeting with the cardiovascular surgeons who utilize a post-operative multimodal analgesic strategy that does not include transdermal fentanyl to obtain consensus for the new policy, and asking for support utilizing a physician-champion system. 42 In addition, targeting both the organizational and interpersonal levels, individualized prescribing letters will be created that describes where each surgeon falls within their peer group on the use of post-operative transdermal fentanyl, as well as provide additional education on the new policy. In addition, at the organizational level, education will be provided to nurses in the post-anesthesia care and the surgical units, and an infographic will be developed by the opioid stewardship pharmacist and used as a screen saver at their facility.…”

Section: Case Study Utilizing the Sem-opioid Stewardship Initiativementioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing social and behavioral change methods in clinical pharmacy initiatives

Hemenway

Meyer‐Junco

Zobeck

et al. 2022

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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Pharmacists are often involved in creating, implementing, and evaluating initiatives that aim to improve medication use. Pharmacy initiatives can occur in various settings, can involve interactions with patients or prescribers to optimize medication use, and incorporate information from multiple sources. Similar to pharmacy initiatives, public health initiatives are heterogeneous, complex, and work with the public to improve health behaviors in a variety of settings. Various program planning and health behavior change techniques are utilized in the planning of public health programs. Community-based public health programs designed using social and behavioral theories have shown improved outcomes when compared with programs not based on theory. Given the overlapping objectives for planning community-based public health programs and pharmacy initiatives, the use of social and behavioral theories may provide pharmacists with an additional tool to assist in creation of multilayered, effective pharmacy initiatives. Data supporting two health behavior theories focused on individuals (Transtheoretical Model and Health Belief Model), and one ecological model (Social Ecological Model) are reviewed and applied to three different pharmacy initiative scenarios. Greater incorporation of behavioral change theories and models may be helpful in creating effective, comprehensive pharmacy initiatives.

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Development and Implementation of Clinical Pharmacist Services Within an Integrated Medical Group

Abstract: Integration of pharmacists within health care teams involves more than direct patient care activities. Pharmacists should be involved at the organizational level to have a broader impact on patient and practice levels.

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Clinical pharmacists in primary care: Provider satisfaction and perceived impact on quality of care provided

Clinical pharmacists in primary care: Provider satisfaction and perceived impact on quality of care provided

Pharmacist-Led Annual Wellness Visits: A Review

Utilizing social and behavioral change methods in clinical pharmacy initiatives

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