Development and Implementation of an Optimization Model for Hydropower and Total Dissolved Gas in the Mid-Columbia River System

Witt, Adam M.; Magee, Timothy; Stewart, Kevin; Hadjerioua, Boualem; Neumann, David W.; Zagona, Edith; Politano, Marcela

doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000827

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that gas bubble disease (GBD) induced by TDG plays a role in decreasing the survival of fish inhabiting the lower reaches of dams [6]. TDG supersaturation occurred downstream of some hydropower structures in the Columbia River basin due to flood discharge in the spill season and caused the death of chum salmon [7][8][9]. Similar circumstances were also found downstream of the Cabinet Gorge Dam in the Clark Fork River [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effect of Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation on the Survival of Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis)

Yuxuan

Cao

Liu

et al. 2020

Animals

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To assess the effect of TDG on the survival of different sizes of pelagic fish, bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) were subjected to TDG supersaturated water at levels of 125, 130, 135, and 140%. The results showed that apparent abnormal behaviours and symptoms of gas bubble disease (GBD) were observed in bighead carp. The survival probability of large and small juvenile bighead carp declined with increasing TDG levels. The median survival time (ST50) values of large juvenile bighead carp were 74.97 and 31.90 h at 130% and 140% TDG, respectively. While the ST50 of small fish were 22.40 and 6.72 h at the same TDG levels. In comparison to the large juvenile bighead carp, the small juvenile bighead carp showed weaker tolerance to TDG supersaturated water. Furthermore, acute lethality experiments after chronic exposure to TDG were initiated to further investigate the effect of TDG on bighead carp. The juveniles were first subjected to 115% TDG supersaturated water for 96 h. After chronic exposure, live fish were immediately transferred to TDG supersaturated water at levels of 125, 130, 135, and 140%. The results demonstrated that no fish died under chronic exposure and few fish exhibited slight GBD symptoms. The ST50 values for bighead carp subjected to acute exposure after chronic exposure were 61.23 and 23.50 h at 130 and 140%, respectively. Compared with the bighead carp subjected to acute exposure, bighead carp subjected to multiple exposures were more vulnerable to TDG.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effect of Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation on the Survival of Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis)

Yuxuan

Cao

Liu

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…The influence of TDG supersaturation on river ecosystems has become an ecological environmental issue of global concern [8,9,10]. Endemic fish in the Columbia River of the United States suffered mortality caused by TDG supersaturation when hydropower structures discharged flows during the flood season [11,12,13]. Similar phenomena were also found downstream of the Danube River [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation in Fish of Different Sizes and Species

Xue

Wang

Liang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Two endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River, the Rock Carp (Procypris rabaudi) and Prenant’s Schizothoracin (Schizothorax prenanti), were used as research objects in this study to assess the effects of total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation on fish of varying sizes. Fish were exposed to TDG-supersaturated water at the levels of 145, 140, 135, 130, and 125%. The results showed that fish swam slowly, responded clumsily, and then exhibited spiral swimming performance after a period of exposure to TDG-supersaturated water. Fish exhibited exophthalmos, body swelling, gill bleeding, and caudal fin bleeding when they died in the TDG-supersaturated water. With the increase in TDG supersaturation, the tolerance capacity of fish to supersaturated TDG significantly reduced. At high supersaturation, the difference in survival time between species was not significant, while fish with smaller sizes showed greater tolerance capacity. At low supersaturation, the tolerance capacity of fish was mainly affected by species, and the influence of size was relatively small. With the decrease in TDG supersaturation, the catalase (CAT) activity first increased and then decreased. Rock Carp displayed significantly less activity than Prenant’s Schizothoracin on exposure to TDG-supersaturated water. At high supersaturation levels, the CAT activity of Prenant’s Schizothoracin of small size was greater than that of large Prenant’s Schizothoracin. In contrast, small Prenant’s Schizothoracin showed less CAT activity at low TDG levels than did large individuals.

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“…With respect to the TDG change in air that occurs in Stage 1, the TDG level in the spilling jet when the jet enters the stilling basin is always assumed to be 100% (Li et al 2009). According to the results of field measurements, high TDG levels often occur in forebays due to the cumulative effects of cascade hydropower stations (Qu et al 2011;Witt et al 2017a). To determine whether the forebay TDG level has an impact on the production of elevated TDG levels, Ma (2016) conducted a series of experiments to investigate the relationship between the TDG level and conditions of jets when they enter stilling basins.…”

Section: Analysis Of Tdg Generation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation from Plunging Jets in High Dams

et al. 2019

J. Hydraul. Eng.

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The total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation that results from dam spillage may cause adverse effects, including increases in the risk of gas-bubble disease and mortality in fish. The accurate prediction of TDG levels is necessary in the exploration of measures for ameliorating the effects of TDG supersaturation. Based on an analysis of the mechanisms of hydropower projects with a plunging jet that produces high TDG levels, the process of TDG generation is divided into three stages. In Stage 1, TDG levels return to normal during jet spillage in air; in Stage 2, gas is dissolved in the stilling basin under high pressure; and in Stage 3, the TDG is abruptly released at the outlet of the stilling basin. According to previous research on Stage 1, the TDG level of water entering stilling basins can reach 100%. Experiments were carried out to estimate the TDG levels in Stage 2 under different pressures and retention times, and these experiments indicated that a TDG level above equilibrium saturation (ΔG 0) displays a linear relationship with the average pressure (ΔP) and a negative exponential relationship with retention time (t R). Experiments were also conducted using physical models of the Songta and Yangfanggou dam projects in China to develop a method for estimating the retention time in stilling basins. The resulting formula for estimating the retention time is a function of the water depth in the stilling basin (h k), length of the stilling basin (l), distance between the toe of the dam and impact point of the jet (l 0), and the dimensionless number at the stilling basin outlet λ. For Stage 3, in which the abrupt release of TDG occurs, field measurements were used to determine the values of the parameters used in the abrupt release expression contained in the model. By combining the results for the three stages, a predictive model of TDG levels was obtained. TDG observations collected at six different hydropower projects in China were used for validation. Substantial agreement between predictions and measurements was found. This work may provide a scientific basis for the production of precise predictive models of TDG levels, and it has considerable application value in assessing the effects of TDG and minimizing the risks posed by elevated TDG levels to aquatic life.

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Development and Implementation of an Optimization Model for Hydropower and Total Dissolved Gas in the Mid-Columbia River System

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation on the Survival of Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis)

Effect of Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation on the Survival of Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Nobilis)

Effects of Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation in Fish of Different Sizes and Species

Model for Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation from Plunging Jets in High Dams

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