“…54,57 One study (8%) had a qualitative design, 61 whereas the other 11 (92%) employed the following quantitative designs: controlled trial (nonrandomized), 53,54,56,57 before-andafter study, 38,58,59 or evaluation-only study (no preintervention data obtained). 37,52,55,60 Of these quantitative-design studies, 7 (64%) did not, therefore, include control groups. Table 2 provides additional details about study characteristics.…”