Development and human needs

The impact of inheritance experiences in orphans and vulnerable children support inZimbabwe:Acaregivers' perspective

“…The NAP for OVC for 2014 and ZINASP for 2006–2010 both encourage assistance to OVC in all aspects of human life but because of limited funding for local NGOs, government, and FBOs, they now focus on broad empowerment at the expense of physical needs. The informants are thus advocating for an approach that is informed by Maslow's hierarchy of needs which states that human needs begin with the physiological and move to the psychological (Max‐Neef, ) and not vice versa. Max‐Neef () argues that the lack of fundamental needs of children such as food, clothes, shelter, and education being met is the foundation for exploitation, sexual abuse, prostitution, drug trafficking, and engaging in criminal activities.…”

A New Agenda for International Development Cooperation: Lessons learnt from the Buen Vivir experience

“…An interesting theoretical reflection on this issue is that of the Chilean economist Manfred Max-Neef (Max-Neef, 1992). By clarifying the analytical distinction between 'needs' (which are supposed to be few, universal and identifiable) and 'satisfiers' (which, on the contrary, are much more numerous and basically linked to specific cultural and social settings), we discover that needs are not 'replaceable' but rather complementary and that it is more the norm than the exception that one specific 'satisfier' (e.g., a specific kind of food), responds to more than one need (nutrition, but also relation, e.g.).…”

Ecosystem Services and River Basin Ecohydrology

“…divide the constituents of human wellbeing into three categories: economic wellbeing (income, employment, housing, infrastructure, security), social wellbeing (nutrition, demography, health, education, leisure, social relations), and personal wellbeing (subjective category that integrates all other indicators). Max-Neef ( 1992 ) points out that human needs Cultural Services in Aquatic Ecosystems must be viewed as a system where they are interrelated and interactive, without hierarchies, with the exception for the need of subsistence (to remain alive). However, the constituents of these classifi cations are only "means", rather than "ends".…”

“…All these classifi cations are valid and characterise, with more or less extent, human wellbeing and its constituents. The author postulates that fundamental human needs are fi nite, few, and classifi able, and that they are the same in all cultures and in all historical periods, changing only over time and among cultures, the means by which the needs are satisfi ed, i.e., the satisfi ers (for a satisfi er typology see Max-Neef 1992 andChurch et al 2011 ). They do not clearly acknowledge the "ends" that are the universal needs common to all humans, and what are the basic requirements to fulfi l them.…”

“…They do not clearly acknowledge the "ends" that are the universal needs common to all humans, and what are the basic requirements to fulfi l them. Needs are satisfi ed at the personal, social, and environmental levels, which are contextual upon time, place, and local circumstances (Max-Neef 1992 ). It is a holistic approach that proposes nine classes of human needs (axiological needs, i.e., the things we value) and four forms of expression of those needs (existential needs, i.e., the way needs are manifested), which combined constitute the Human Scale Development matrix (Fig.…”