Development and Functional Anatomy of the Human Tonsilla Palatina

HPV in Head and Neck Carcinomas: Different HPV Profiles in Oropharyngeal Carcinomas – Why?

“…The second branchial pouch is visible in the 4th postconception week, and the numerous folds that become the future crypts of the palatine tonsil are seen at 8 weeks of development. Lymphoid infiltration of the lamina propria occurs in the seventh month of intrauterine life [91-93]. Primary follicles are present at late gestation, but germinal centers are not fully functional until the beginning of postnatal life.…”

“…During the first year of life, there is a rapid proliferation of the lymphoid elements and formation of active germinal centers. The tonsils reach a maximum size near puberty and then gradually undergo atrophy [91-93]. …”

Inside-Out Complete Tonsillectomy: Extended Intracapsular Tonsillectomy for Severe Sore Throat

“…The insideout tonsillectomy technique achieves the goal of complete tonsillar excision while minimizing the surgical wound and reducing the rate of perioperative morbidity in comparison to historical controls. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Inside-out complete tonsillectomy yielded a marked decrease in the incidence of severe sore throat as defined by the criteria of Paradise et al [4The annualized incidence of severe sore throat following surgery (0.36 "counting" episodes per year) was similar to that in the study of Paradise et aP4 (0.76 "counting" episodes per year in year I). The number of days on which narcotic pain medication was used were decreased from historical values for extracapsular tonsillectomy: from 7 days-> to 4 days.…”

Tissue engineering of skin: human tonsil-derived mesenchymal cells can function as dermal fibroblasts

“…Although human palatine tonsils and foreskins have an entirely different embryologic origin with tonsils arising from an endodermal and foreskins from an ectodermal epithelium [24,25], the tectonic structure and marker expression patterns of their epithelium surprisingly show many similarities. Both consist of a multilayered, stratified epithelium and an underlying loose mesenchymal/dermal tissue and both show a similar expression of certain cytokeratins and other epithelial markers [21,26,27].…”