Development and function of bombesin-like peptides and their receptors

Abstract

Amphibian bombesin and its related peptides consist a family of neuropeptides in many vertebrate species. Bombesin and two major bombesin-like peptide in mammals, gastrinreleasing peptide (GRP) and neuromedin B (NMB), have been shown to elicit various physiological effects. These include inhibition of feeding, smooth muscle contraction, exocrine and endocrine secretions, thermoregulation, blood pressure and sucrose regulations and cell growth. Receptors for GRP and NMB (GRP-R and NMB-R), as well as third subtype of bombesin-like peptide receptor (BRS-3) have been cloned. These receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors and are expressed in various brain regions and in the digestive tract. In this paper, we will summarize studies on these peptides and their receptors, with special reference to research using gene-knockout mice. These studies clearly demonstrated the role of three receptors in vivo and in vitro. We will also discuss the phylogeny of these receptors. KEY WORDS: gastrin-releasing peptide, neuromedin B, bombesin-like peptide receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3)Int.

Characterization of a Novel Protein Kinase D

“…This proposition was tested in cells expressing the bombesin BB 2 receptor. Bombesin receptors are present in many tissues and regulate a broad spectrum of physiological processes, including smooth muscle contraction, pancreatic secretion, gastrin release, satiety, lung development, thyrotropin secretion, lymphocyte chemotaxis, and activation of mammalian PKDs (28,(75)(76)(77). Bombesin binding with BB 2 , a serpentine (seven transmembrane segments) receptor, causes efficient and selective activation of heterotrimeric G q /G 11 GTP-binding proteins.…”

Conserved Domains Subserve Novel Mechanisms and Functions in DKF-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans Protein Kinase D

“…Representative data are shown. (45,46) were used to address these questions. Upon ligation of bombesin peptide, the BB 2 receptor mediates loading of GTP onto the ␣ subunit of G q , a heterotrimeric G protein.…”

“…G␣ q -GTP binds and activates PLC␤, thereby stimulating a transient increase in plasma membrane DAG content. Bombesin-occupied BB 2 receptors efficiently and selectively stimulate DAG synthesis in a broad spectrum of cells and tissues (45,46). Furthermore, bombesinmediated activation of mammalian PKCs and PKDs is a well documented phenomenon (21,47).…”

Influence of maternal educational level on the association between the rs3809508 neuromedin B gene polymorphism and the risk of obesity in the HELENA study

“…[14][15][16] These peptides exert their effects by binding to a range of G-protein-coupled receptors with varying affinity (NMB-preferring receptor, GRP-preferring receptor and the orphan receptor, bombesin receptor subtype 3). 17 Bombesin peptides are widely expressed in the pituitary, brain, pancreas, adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract 17 and adipose tissue. 18 They are initially released from the gastro-intestinal tract in response to food intake 19 and their expression in adipose tissue is regulated by energy balance changes.…”