Abstract:Bio-electrosprays (BESs) provide a means of precisely manipulating cells and thus have the potential for many clinical uses such as the generation of artificial tissuesorgans. Previously we tested the biological safety of this technology with a variety of living cells and also embryos from the vertebrate model organisms Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Xenopus tropicalis (frog). However, the viability and fertility of the treated embryos could not be fully assessed due to animal licensing laws. Here we assay the vi… Show more
“…It was observed that the method does not cause a significant reduction in mesenchymal stem cell viability, significant chromosomal alterations in mononuclear cells, alterations in the pluripotency of the embryonic stem cells or genetic and physical damage that can affect the development of multicellular organism. [7][8][9][10] Although these studies show that BES is a safe technique for cell processing, until now, no study has investigated if the time necessary for the realization of BES can have a negative effect on the cells. Regarding the association of BES with scaffold production techniques, the time parameter becomes an important factor for observation.…”
Bio-electrospraying (BES) is a technique used for the processing of cells and can be applied to tissue engineering. The association of BES with scaffold production techniques has been shown to be an interesting strategy for the production of biomaterials with cells homogeneously distributed in the entire structure. Various studies have evaluated the effects of BES on different cell types. However, until the present moment, no studies have evaluated the impact of BES time on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Therefore, the aim of this work was to standardise the different parameters of BES (voltage, flow rate, and distance of the needle from the collecting plate) in relation to cell viability and then to evaluate the impact of BES time in relation to viability, proliferation, DNA damage, maintenance of plasticity and the immunophenotypic profile of MSC. Using 15 kV voltage, 0.46 ml/h flow rate and 4 cm distance, it was possible to form a stable and continuous jet of BES without causing a significant reduction in cell viability. Time periods between 15 and 60 min of BES did not cause alterations of viability, proliferation, plasticity, and immunophenotypic profile of the MSC. Time periods above 30 min of BES resulted in DNA damage; however, the DNA was able to repair itself within five hours. These results indicate that bio-electrospraying is an adequate technique for processing MSC which can be safely applied to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
“…It was observed that the method does not cause a significant reduction in mesenchymal stem cell viability, significant chromosomal alterations in mononuclear cells, alterations in the pluripotency of the embryonic stem cells or genetic and physical damage that can affect the development of multicellular organism. [7][8][9][10] Although these studies show that BES is a safe technique for cell processing, until now, no study has investigated if the time necessary for the realization of BES can have a negative effect on the cells. Regarding the association of BES with scaffold production techniques, the time parameter becomes an important factor for observation.…”
Bio-electrospraying (BES) is a technique used for the processing of cells and can be applied to tissue engineering. The association of BES with scaffold production techniques has been shown to be an interesting strategy for the production of biomaterials with cells homogeneously distributed in the entire structure. Various studies have evaluated the effects of BES on different cell types. However, until the present moment, no studies have evaluated the impact of BES time on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Therefore, the aim of this work was to standardise the different parameters of BES (voltage, flow rate, and distance of the needle from the collecting plate) in relation to cell viability and then to evaluate the impact of BES time in relation to viability, proliferation, DNA damage, maintenance of plasticity and the immunophenotypic profile of MSC. Using 15 kV voltage, 0.46 ml/h flow rate and 4 cm distance, it was possible to form a stable and continuous jet of BES without causing a significant reduction in cell viability. Time periods between 15 and 60 min of BES did not cause alterations of viability, proliferation, plasticity, and immunophenotypic profile of the MSC. Time periods above 30 min of BES resulted in DNA damage; however, the DNA was able to repair itself within five hours. These results indicate that bio-electrospraying is an adequate technique for processing MSC which can be safely applied to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
“…Those studies have demonstrated post-treated cells are indistinguishable to those controls. In addition to these studies Jayasinghe and coworkers have assessed the processing of whole organisms for further investigating whether the processing physical stresses involved in combination with the high intensity electric field has any effects on cell rearrangement to embryological development [9][10][11][12]. Thus, elucidating no gross negative effects brought on the treated embryos in comparison to those controls.…”
Manifestations of myocardial infarctions have been recognized as one of the major killers in the Western world. Therefore, advancing and developing novel cardiac tissue repair and replacement therapeutics have great implications to our health sciences and well-being. There are several approaches for forming cardiac tissues, non-jet-based and jet-based methodologies. A unique advantage of jet-based approaches is the possibility to handle living cells with a matrix for cell distribution and deposition in suspension, either as single or heterogeneous cell populations. Our previous studies on bio-electrospraying of cardiac cells have shown great promise. Here, we show for the first time the ability to bio-electrospray the three major cell types of the myocardium, both independently and simultaneously, for forming a fully functional cardiac tissue. Several samples are characterized in vitro and found to be indistinguishable in comparison to controls. Thus, we are describing a swiftly emerging novel biotechnique for direct cardiac tissue generation. Moreover, the present investigations pave the way for the development and optimization of a bio-patterning approach for the fabrication of biologically viable cardiac tissue grafts for the potential treatment of severe heart failure after myocardial infarction.
“…The operational parameters are subsequently seen to enable control over droplet break‐up and its precision deposition. The technology has undergone complete biological and engineering studies, which have been applied for the handling of a wide range of cells and whole organisms at very early stages of development 12, 13. These biological investigative studies have been furthered by studies of post‐treated cells engrafted into living hosts (mice) that assess biological processes that may have been missed during in vitro studies.…”
Engineering of functional tissues is a fascinating and fertile arena of research and development. This flourishing enterprise weaves together many areas of research to tackle the most complex question faced to date, namely how to design and reconstruct a synthetic three‐dimensional fully functional tissue on demand. At present our healthcare is under threat by several social and economical issues together with those of a more scientific and clinical nature. One such issue arises from our increasing life expectancy, resulting in an ageing society. This steeply growing ageing society requires functional organotypic tissues on demand for repair, replacement, and rejuvenation (R3). Several approaches are pioneered and developed to assist conventional tissue/organ transplantation. In this Progress Report, “non‐contact jet‐based” approaches for engineering functional tissues are introduced and bio‐electrosprays and cell electrospinning, i.e., biotechniques that have demonstrated as being benign for directly handling living cells and whole organisms, are highlighted. These biotechniques possess the ability to directly handle heterogeneous cell populations as suspensions with a biopolymer and/or other micro/nanomaterials for directly forming three‐dimensional functional living reconstructs. These discoveries and developments have provided a promising biotechnology platform with far‐reaching ramifications for a wide range of applications in basic biological laboratories to their utility in the clinic.
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