Development and feasibility of Mandarin‐language bone health scales for adolescents with cancer in Taiwan

Abstract

Cancer during adolescence increases the risk for bone mass deficiency later in life. Adolescents with cancer must learn to improve their bone health to avoid osteoporosis. In the present cross-sectional study, we developed and tested scales to assess the bone health self-efficacy and beliefs of adolescents with cancer in Taiwan. Test development followed three stages: item generation and scale formatting, examination of content validity, and validation of psychometric properties with a sample of 100 adolescents with cancer. Through the validation process, this research generated the seven-item Bone Health Self-Efficacy Scale and the 13-item Bone Health Belief Scale. Multiple indices demonstrated construct validity. Cronbach's alphas (0.809 and 0.705) demonstrated internal consistency. No items caused a drop in Cronbach's alpha of 10%, all inter-item correlations were <0.800, and the factor loadings for all items reached 0.400, demonstrating item appropriateness. The present study provides initial evidence of the scales' accessibility and feasibility for adolescents with cancer who speak Mandarin. These scales might also help clinical nurses evaluate the effectiveness of bone health education provided to adolescents with cancer.

Inpatient Suicide Second Victim Experience and Support Tool: Psychometric properties of a scale for nurses who experienced inpatient suicide at Chinese general hospitals

“…The collected data were randomly split into two sets using the algorithm available in SPSS for the EFA and CFA samples (Çelik, Karadağ, & Hisar, 2012; T. Li, Wang, Zhou, Ren, & Gao, 2018; Zhao et al, 2019). For EFA, eigenvalues of >1 and factor loadings of >0.4 were used to retain the factors and items (W. W. Wu, Liu, Jou, Hung, & Liang, 2018; Zhu et al, 2019). CFA was used to confirm the selected model based on model fitness and item loading.…”

“…Li, Wang, Zhou, Ren, & Gao, 2018;Zhao et al, 2019). For EFA, eigenvalues of >1 and factor loadings of >0.4 were used to retain the factors and items (W. W. Wu, Liu, Jou, Hung, & Liang, 2018;Zhu et al, 2019). CFA was used to confirm the selected model based on model fitness and item loading.…”

Physical activity self‐efficacy mediates the effect of symptom distress on exercise involvement among adolescents undergoing cancer treatment

“…The study used a Self‐Efficacy Scale that was specifically designed to measure calcium intake and physical activity self‐efficacy beliefs among 13‐ to 20‐year‐old Taiwanese adolescents with cancer (Wu, Liu, Jou, Hung, & Liang, ). The seven items in the scale assess beliefs related to calcium intake and to physical activity, both of which affect bone health.…”

“…Higher scores reflect higher confidence in one's ability to maintain a habit of physical activity. The Self‐Efficacy Scale has previously demonstrated overall satisfactory results in terms of construct validity and consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.809) and can be completed in 5 min (Wu, Liu, et al, ).…”