Development and factor structure of the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire in the Gemini birth cohort

Llewellyn, Clare H.; Jaarsveld, Cornelia H M van; Johnson, Laura; Carnell, Susan; Wardle, Jane

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.324

Cited by 209 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Sample sizes differed across analyses but included 1548 children (32% of the sample). The major advantages of the current analyses were that data were prospectively collected in a large population-based sample, and appetite was measured on 2 occasions, including early infancy, by using a questionnaire with high internal consistency (22). Most weight measurements were taken by health professionals (only 3.6% of data were from parents' own measurements) because children in the United Kingdom are weighed at birth and ;2-3 mo at standard health visits, and in addition, parents can get their infants weighed by health professionals as often as they want, with all measurements recorded in the infant's personal health record.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Appetitive traits were measured at baseline and follow-up by using the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ) (22), which is an adapted version of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (23) and was modified for use with milk-fed infants. At baseline (when infants were, on average, 8 mo old), parents were asked to complete the BEBQ retrospectively for the first 3 mo of life when infants were still exclusively milk fed.…”

Section: Appetitive Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective associations between appetitive traits and weight gain in infancy

Jaarsveld¹,

Llewellyn²,

Johnson³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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126

104

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Background: Differences in appetitive traits such as food-cue or satiety responsiveness have been hypothesized to contribute to variability in weight gain. However, existing data were largely crosssectional and could not exclude the possibility that differences in appetitive traits were consequences of differences in weight. Objective: We tested whether prospective associations between appetitive traits and subsequent weight were stronger than associations between weight and subsequent appetitive traits. Design: Data were from Gemini, which is a population-based cohort of 2402 families with twins. Parents completed a Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire to assess 4 appetitive traits for each twin at ages 3 and 15 mo. We obtained infant weights at 3, 9, and 15 mo from records of health professionals. Weight SD scores were calculated by using UK 1990 reference data. A path analysis was used to examine prospective associations in each direction over sequential 6-mo intervals and over the same 12-mo period, with the significance of differences between the 2 paths established with bootstrapping. Results: Path analyses included 2213 infants. For each appetitive trait, the path to subsequent weight (standardized coefficients: 0.17-0.33) was significantly larger than the path from weight to subsequent appetite (coefficients: 0.07-0.13). Results were confirmed when both associations were analyzed by using changes from 3 to 15 mo. Conclusion: Longitudinal analyses showed that associations between appetitive traits and subsequent weight were stronger than between weight and subsequent appetite, which supports the idea that differences in appetitive traits, in conjunction with environmental opportunities to overeat, influence weight gain in early childhood.Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:1562-7.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appetitive Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective associations between appetitive traits and weight gain in infancy

Jaarsveld¹,

Llewellyn²,

Johnson³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Self Cite

126

104

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“…The 8 behaviour/style scales (Table 1) have been broadly categorised into 4 food “approach” behaviours and 4 food “avoidance” behaviours [24]. The parallel Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire [25] has also been developed for use in infants. It includes 4 constructs in common with the CEBQ (Table 1), with items modified to account for milk feeding and an additional single item “my baby had a big appetite.” More recently, it has become clear that these behaviours have a strong genetic component and are now often referred to as “appetitive traits” [26, 27].…”

Section: “Normal” Child Eating Behaviours and Appetite Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding Practices and Parenting: A Pathway to Child Health and Family Happiness

2019

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Feeding and parenting are inextricably linked. The complex bidirectional interactions between parent feeding practices and child eating behaviour shape the early feeding environment which in turn interacts with genetic predispositions to lay the foundation for life-long eating habits and health outcomes. Parent feeding and child (and parent) eating are central to the fabric of family life and are strongly rooted in culture and tradition. Yet, many parents experience stress and anxiety related to this ubiquitous parenting task and perceive their child as a “fussy eater” or a “difficult feeder.” Parents commonly misinterpret heritable and developmentally “normal” child eating behaviour, such as food refusal, as cause for concern. In an effort to get their child to “eat well” they respond with coercive feeding practices, such as pressure, reward and restriction. Emotional feeding that uses food to comfort, distract, calm or shape behaviour is also common. Although well intentioned, these non-responsive, parent- rather than child-centred feeding practices are ineffective, even counterproductive. They teach children to eat for reasons unrelated to appetite and, hence, more than they need and fail to support development of healthy food preferences and appetite regulation. Early feeding interventions are needed that assist parents to understand normal child eating behaviour and promote responsive feeding practices and effective food parenting. The aim of this chapter is to review (1) “normal” eating behaviour of young children, (2) the range of feeding practices and strategies that parents use to respond to and try to shape these behaviours, (3) evidence for approaches to feeding young children that have potential to reduce conflict related to child feeding and promote life-long healthy eating patterns that are a key determinant of long-term health and well-being and (4) to provide an overview of an early feeding intervention, NOURISH, which demonstrated a positive impact on maternal feeding practices and potentially reduced parent anxiety and stress related to feeding.

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“…One explanation for this could be biologically and environmentally infl uenced individual differences in appetitive characteristics that emerge early in life (Carnell & Wardle, 2007;Llewellyn et al, 2011), and persist through development (Ashcroft et al, 2008;Farrow & Blissett, 2012;Parkinson et al, 2010). Since the beginning of the child obesity epidemic, a wealth of cross-sectional evidence has accumulated to suggest that adiposity is related in a stepwise fashion to higher food cue responsiveness and/or lower sensitivity to internal satiety cues in children and infants, as assessed by either behavioural tests (Hill et al, 2008;Llewellyn et al, 2008), or parent-report questionnaire Spence et al, 2011;Webber et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat brains, greedy genes, and parent power: A biobehavioural risk model of child and adult obesity

Carnell

Kim

Pryor

2012

International Review of Psychiatry

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We live in a world replete with opportunities to overeat highly calorifi c, palatable foods -yet not everyone becomes obese. Why? We propose that individuals show differences in appetitive traits (e.g. food cue responsiveness, satiety sensitivity) that manifest early in life and predict their eating behaviours and weight trajectories. What determines these traits? Parental feeding restriction is associated with higher child adiposity, pressure to eat with lower adiposity, and both strategies with less healthy eating behaviours, while authoritative feeding styles coincide with more positive outcomes. But, on the whole, twin and family studies argue that nature has a greater infl uence than nurture on adiposity and eating behaviour, and behavioural investigations of genetic variants that are robustly associated with obesity (e.g. FTO) confi rm that genes infl uence appetite. Meanwhile, a growing body of neuroimaging studies in adults, children and high risk populations suggests that structural and functional variation in brain networks associated with reward, emotion and control might also predict appetite and obesity, and show genetic infl uence. Together these different strands of evidence support a biobehavioural risk model of obesity development. Parental feeding recommendations should therefore acknowledge the powerful -but modifi able -contribution of genetic and neurological infl uences to children ' s eating behaviour.

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Development and factor structure of the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire in the Gemini birth cohort

Cited by 209 publications

References 46 publications

Prospective associations between appetitive traits and weight gain in infancy

Prospective associations between appetitive traits and weight gain in infancy

Feeding Practices and Parenting: A Pathway to Child Health and Family Happiness

Fat brains, greedy genes, and parent power: A biobehavioural risk model of child and adult obesity

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