Development and Fabrication of NIF-Scale Resorcinol Formaldehyde Foam Shells for ICF Experiments

Paguio, R. R.; Jaison, D.; Saito, K. M.; Quan, K.; Hund, J. F.; Nikroo, A.

doi:10.13182/fst11-a11525

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…119 Emulsion processes can be optimized in order to adjust the sphericity and other important parameters for capsule production. 58,[114][115][116][120][121][122] A new approach was shown by Biener et al as a coating inside the prefabricated spherical ablator capsule. 92 The aerogel precursor solution was P(DCPD-r-NB) as described in Sec.…”

Section: Shell Structure Of Low Density Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of low density porous materials used in laser plasma experiments

2018

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This review describes and categorizes the synthesis and properties of low density porous materials, which are commonly referred to as foams and are utilized for laser plasma experiments. By focusing a high-power laser on a small target composed of these materials, high energy and density states can be produced. In the past decade or so, various new target fabrication techniques have been developed by many laboratories that use high energy lasers and consequently, many publications and reviews followed these developments. However, the emphasis so far has been on targets that did not utilize low density porous materials. This review therefore, attempts to redress this balance and endeavors to review low density materials used in laser plasma experiments in recent years. The emphasis of this review will be on aspects of low density materials that are of relevance to high energy laser plasma experiments. Aspects of low density materials such as densities, elemental compositions, macroscopic structures, nanostructures, and characterization of these materials will be covered. Also, there will be a brief mention of how these aspects affect the results in laser plasma experiments and the constrictions that these requirements put on the fabrication of low density materials relevant to this field. This review is written from the chemists' point of view to aid physicists and the new comers to this field.

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Section: Shell Structure Of Low Density Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of low density porous materials used in laser plasma experiments

2018

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“…It is well established that the principal parameters of the solidifying process, such as the properties of the W1, O and W2 phases, the rotation of the cylindrical flask, and the solidifying temperature, all have a significant influence on the quality of the polymer shells [29]. In this work, the improvement quality of the PS shells cannot be attributed to the properties of the W1 and O phases, the agitation or the solidifying temperature, since they are the same.…”

Section: Sphericity and Wall Thickness Uniformity Of Ps Shellsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effects of molecular weight of PVA on formation, stability and deformation of compound droplets for ICF polymer shells

et al. 2016

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Sphericity and wall thickness uniformity are some of the hardest specifications to fulfill, as required by inertial confined fusion (ICF) research for polymer shells prepared by the microencapsulation technique. Driven by the need to control the deformation of compound droplets, the effects of the molecular weight of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on the formation and stability of the droplets, as well as the sphericity and wall thickness uniformity of the resulting shells, were investigated. On increasing the molecular weight of the PVA, the densities of the external water phases (W2) are almost the same, but the viscosity of the W2 phase increases more quickly than the interfacial tension. This makes the detaching force increase more quickly than the upward one, causing the formation of compound droplets and detachment from the oil tube. On the other hand, the increase in interfacial tension makes the maximum pressures ( P max) in the O phase (O) of the compound droplets increase, causing them to rupture easily and decreasing their stability. However, for PVA with the same molecular weight, the viscous shear force in the flowing field reduces the role of gravity and makes the inner water droplet move towards the center of the compound droplet, decreasing its P max in the flowing field and improving its stability. Moreover, during the solidifying process, the viscous shear force increases more quickly than the interfacial tension force due to the quicker increase in viscosity with an increase in the molecular weight of the PVA. The increase in the viscous shear force can make the droplets deform, resulting in a decrease in their sphericity. However, the appropriate viscous shear force can also center the compound droplet—although they become decentered when the viscous shear force is too large, leading to the wall thickness uniformity increasing at first before decreasing quickly. The results presented in this work provide a more in-depth understanding of the formation, stability and deformation of compound droplets, to the benefit of preparing polymer shells with the high sphericity and uniform wall thickness needed in ICF experiments.

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“…Resorcinol/formaldehyde (RF) aerogel is a notable laser plasma target material owing to its fine network structure, low density of 10-200 mg/cm 3 , transparency in the visible region, and low-Z element (hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen) composition [7,8] . Shell-shaped RF targets have been developed for inertial fusion experiments [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and its cryogenic targets [18,19] . Low-density materials have low mechanical strengths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of disk-shaped, deuterated resorcinol/formaldehyde foam target for laser–plasma experiments

Kaneyasu

Nagai

Cadatal-Raduban

et al. 2021

High Pow Laser Sci Eng

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Resorcinol/formaldehyde (RF) foam resin is an attractive material as a low-density target in high-power laser–plasma experiments because of its fine network structure, transparency in the visible region, and low-Z element (hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen) composition. In this study, we developed disk-shaped RF foam and deuterated RF foam targets with 40–200 μm thickness and approximately 100 mg/cm3 density having a network structure from 100 nm to a few micrometers cell size. By deuteration, the polymerization rate was drastically slowed down owing to kinetic isotope effects. These targets were used in high-power laser experiments where a megaelectronvolt proton beam was successfully generated.

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Development and Fabrication of NIF-Scale Resorcinol Formaldehyde Foam Shells for ICF Experiments

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

A review of low density porous materials used in laser plasma experiments

A review of low density porous materials used in laser plasma experiments

Effects of molecular weight of PVA on formation, stability and deformation of compound droplets for ICF polymer shells

Fabrication of disk-shaped, deuterated resorcinol/formaldehyde foam target for laser–plasma experiments

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