“…CPs also improve the coordination of care, ensuring more efficient use of resources and decreasing hospital costs (De Bleser et al., ; Zevola et al., ). For cardiac surgery, a CP has demonstrated a decrease in length of stay in the ICU and hospital as well as duration of intubation (Bjurling‐Sjöberg et al., ; Calligaro, Dougherty, Raviola, Musser, & DeLaurentis, ; Carter & Philp, ; Scott, Seifert, Grimson, & Glass, ; Zevola et al., ). Other studies demonstrating the effectiveness of CP in different patient groups have shown decreases in first oral feeding time (Lyckner, Sjöberg, & Engström, ; Saar et al., ), the first physical activity time (van Mastrigt, Heijmans, & Severens, ; Zevola et al., ), time to first bowel movement (Saar et al., ), antibiotic usage and infectious complications (Usui, Kage, Soda, Noda, & Ishihara, ).…”