Development and evaluation of the effectiveness of educational material for radiological protection that uses augmented reality and virtual reality to visualise the behaviour of scattered radiation

Abstract

Understanding the behavior of scattered radiation is important for learning appropriate radiation protection methods, but many existing visualization systems for radiation require special devices, making it difficult to use them in education. The purpose of this study was to develop teaching material for radiation protection that can help visualize the scattered radiation with augmented and virtual reality on a web browser, develop a method for using it in education and examine its effectiveness. The distribution of radiation during radiography was calculated using Monte Carlo simulation, and teaching material was created. The material was used in a class for department of radiological technology students and its influence on motivation was evaluated using a questionnaire based on the evaluation model for teaching materials. In addition, text mining was used to evaluate impressions objectively. Educational material was developed that can be used in augmented and virtual reality for studying the behavior of scattered radiation. The results of the questionnaire showed that the average value of each item was more than 4 on a 5-point scale, indicating that the teaching material attracted the interest of users. Through text mining, it could be concluded that there was improved understanding of, and confidence in, radiation protection.

The Impact of Virtual Reality in Medical Ionizing Radiation Sciences Education: A Systematic Review of the International Literature

“…According to Taubert et al the advantage of immersive VR is the lack of real-world distractions, which happen when the learner uses a laptop, a tablet or a mobile phone [14]. On the other hand, screen-based VR can facilitate the comprehension and perception of imperceptible phenomena in space, such as the distribution of scattered ionizing radiation during radiological procedures [8], [10]. 360 o videos can used to put the learner inside a virtual environment, to offer a learning experience.…”

“…1. The characteristics of the included studies [8]- [22] are recorded in Table II. Despite we reviewed the literature for the last decade, the 15 articles included in the review are published in 2015 and henceforth.…”

“…One out of 6 quantitative non-randomized studies show high evidence of bias, due to exclusion of some outcome data, reduction in cohort sizes and lack of training method evaluation [21]. The rest 5 studies are of good methodological quality [8], [12], [17], [18], [20].…”

“…The outcomes of the studies recorded in Table II show that the impact of VR is rather beneficial for the students. The research by Nishi et al [8] showed that participating students recorded high scores in the exercise questionnaire both for VR and AR modules. The research by Fujibuchi et al [10] recorded key points of the virtual teaching material, which facilitated the understanding of radiation distribution.…”

Microsoft HoloLens 2 in Medical and Healthcare Context: State of the Art and Future Prospects

“…The full texts of 83 papers assessed for eligibility were carefully analyzed. Thirteen articles [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] were excluded due to the exclusion criteria (1), one contribution [ 29 ] due to the exclusion criteria (2), 17 scientific results [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] due to the exclusion criteria (3) and 5 [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ] contributions due to the exclusion criteria (4). Finally, only 47 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis.…”