Development and Evaluation of Liquid Plaster Loaded with Chromolaena odorata Leaf Extract Endowed with Several Beneficial Properties to Wound Healing

Abstract

Liquid plaster (LP) is a recently developed wound dressing product that can be used to cover wounds in various parts of the body, especially small injuries or wounds in body parts involved in movement. Given the benefits and applications of LP, this study aimed to develop and evaluate Chromolaena odorata extract-loaded LP with antimicrobial and hemostasis effects. The study was first conducted through the extraction of Choromolaena odorata leaf by using an ethanol maceration technique and identification of the compounds with high-performance liquid chromatography. The LP loaded with Chromolaena odorata extract demonstrates an ability to inhibit S. aureus and S. epidermidis at a MIC of 0.25 mg/mL and MBC of 0.5 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity test was performed by ABTS and DPPH methods demonstrating the free-radical scavenging activity of the extract. The blood clotting activity was established by varying the concentration of Choromolaena odorata leaf extract from 0.0625 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL. The formulation of the film-forming system was developed by varying the solvent, polymer, and plasticizer proportions. The optimum formulation displayed fast film-forming with high elasticity of the film. Moreover, the 20 mg/mL herbal extract-loaded LP provided an antibacterial effect with admissible water vapor transmission and low skin irritation. As a result, the study demonstrates the possibility of introducing the Chromolaena odorata extract-loaded LP to increase the effectiveness of wound healing and the antibacterial effect on the skin.

Spray Film-Forming systems as promising topical in situ Systems: A review

“…1151 Pressure Test Obligatory dispersal Pharmacopeial US (USP). 1151 Moisture content Additional solid Sritharadol et al, 2017 Thickness Obligatory solid Sritharadol et al, 2017 , Chamsai et al, 2022 Elasticity Additional solid Pünnel and Lunter, 2021 , Sritharadol et al, 2017 , Ranade et al, 2017 Washability / water resistance Additional solid Pünnel and Lunter, 2021 , Sritharadol et al, 2017 , Ranade et al, 2017 Transparency Additional solid Gohel and Nagori, 2009 ; Strength / breaking strain Obligatory solid Pünnel and Lunter, 2021 , Sritharadol et al, 2017 , Sangnim et al, 2022 , Huanbutta et al, 2020 Vapour permeability / Gas permeability / Moister permeability Additional solid Umar et al, 2021 , Sangnim et al, 2022 Stickiness Additional solid Pünnel and Lunter, 2021 , Sritharadol et al, 2017 , Zurdo Schroeder et al, 2007 Quantitative determination Obligatory liquid Sritharadol et al, 2017 Sterility / Microbiological purity Obligatory liquid Evicel - European Medicines Agency. European Medicines Agency, n.d. , The State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.…”

“…XIV edition, Volume 2, 1.4.1.0011.18 Solutions Dosing Uniformity / content in one dose Obligatory liquid, solid Pünnel and Lunter, 2021 , Sritharadol et al, 2017 , Bakshi et al, 2008 Delivery Rate and Delivered Amount Obligatory dispersal Pharmacopeial US (USP). 1151 Visual uniformity / pattern / integrity on the skin Obligatory solid Sritharadol et al, 2017 , Zurdo Schroeder et al, 2007 Local effect on the skin / allergenicity / skin irritation Obligatory liquid, solid Pünnel and Lunter, 2021 , Sritharadol et al, 2017 , Bakkiyaraj et al, 2017 Aesthetic appearance Additional solid Pünnel and Lunter, 2021 , Zurdo Schroeder et al, 2007 , Sangnim et al, 2022 Permeability of the stratum corneum, dermis / systemic effect / kinetics of drug transport / transport of active substances / release of active substances Obligatory liquid, solid Frederiksen et al, 2016 , Pünnel and Lunter, 2021 , Stepanova et al, 2015 , Gohel and Nagori, 2009 , Ranade et al, 2017 Stability Obligatory liquid, solid Sritharadol et al, 2017 , Gohel and Nagori, 2009 …”

“…Characteristics such as the blood coagulation effect mentioned in this study relate to the active ingredient. Which system drying rate, elasticity and vapour permeability values are considered optimal is also up for discussion ( Sangnim et al, 2022 ).…”

Nanomaterials in the Wound Healing Process: New Insights and Advancements

“…In addition, the antibacterial and re-epithelialization characteristics of biopolymeric nanoparticles as treatments for wounds or as delivery vectors are impressive [ 53 ]. In particular, biopolymer’s high water absorptivity makes it ideal for setting up a humid wound environment and controlling exudation [ 54 ]. Hyaluronic acid, by virtue of its hygroscopicity, controls cell adhesion as well as attachment in the course of wound healing.…”