Development and evaluation of chitosan and its derivative for the shelf life extension of beef meat under refrigeration storage

Abstract

Summary The current study was aimed to study the shelf life of beef meat at refrigeration storage using novel chitosan derivative (Ch‐D). Chitosan was modified with antimicrobial monomethyl fumaric acid (MFA). The chemical structure of the resulting material was characterized by FT‐IR and HR‐XRD. The results confirmed the successful synthesis of conjugate sample. For the shelf life study, following lots were used: control (distilled water), chitosan 0.5%, Ch‐D 0.5%. The samples were kept at 4 °C for 16 days and analyzed at 4‐day intervals. Ch‐D treatment significantly reduced the total viable counts, enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, and yeasts–moulds when compared with the chitosan and control during refrigeration storage. The peroxide value (PV) for Ch‐D was 0.19 ± 0.04 meq O2 kg−1 fat and chitosan was 0.21 ± 0.07 meq O2 kg−1 fat and showed no significant difference (P < 0.05) at the end of the storage. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARs) value for Ch‐D was 0.48 ± 0.02 mg MDA kg−1 and chitosan was 0.57 ± 0.09 mg MDA kg−1, while the carbonyl contents for Ch‐D was 3.16 ± 0.23 nm mg−1 protein and chitosan was 3.11 ± 0.16 nm mg−1 protein at 16 days of storage. Values for Ch‐D and chitosan treatments were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for all the quality attributes as compared with the control throughout storage. At the end of storage, Ch‐D treatment showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in lightness (L* = 41.54 ± 0.09) and yellowness (b* = 2.23 ± 0.04). The redness for control was high (a* = 6.12 ± 0.09) as compared with the treated samples. Based primarily on microbial counts, Ch‐D treatment extended the shelf life of beef meat by about 8 days, maintaining acceptable quality attributes.

Potential application of Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis extract on fresh beef meat during refrigeration storage

“…In the present study, the 0th day count of Pseudomonas spp. was 4.1 log CFU/g for all groups and is in consent with the previously reported results (Careaga et al, ; Khan et al, ). Pseudomonas spp.…”

“…It is now well established that psychrophilic and yeast and molds may form a substantial part of the spoilage microflora of meat at refrigeration storage (Sallam, 2007). The initial yeast and molds count in control sample was 3.86 and increased gradually during storage, reaching 9.04 log CFU/g in control samples and 8.35 and 7.90 log CFU/g in 1.5% and 2% BRARP-treated meat samples at the 16th day of storage ( Figure 3b) and our results are in consent with the previously reported studies (Khan et al, 2017).…”

“…The color parameters (intensity ( L* ), redness ( a* ), and yellowness ( b* )) were measured using a Minolta colorimeter (CR300; Minolta Co., Osaka, Japan) calibrated against a standard white tile (8 mm diameter aperture, d/0 illumination system, D65 illuminant, and a 90° angle). The color parameters were analyzed randomly from at least five positions for each sample and the experiment was performed thrice (Khan et al, ).…”

Enhanced microbial safety of channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) fillet using recently invented medium molecular weight water‐soluble chitosan coating

“…It has excellent properties including biodegradability, biocompatibility and film formation (No et al ). Natural antimicrobial coating materials are preferred because of rising consumer concerns over the use of traditional synthetic polymers (Khan et al ). Therefore, chitosan would meet this consumer concern.…”

Antimicrobial activities of high molecular weight water‐soluble chitosans against selected gram‐negative and gram‐positive foodborne pathogens

“…However, other viable alternative sources of chitin and chitosan have recently been explored, including resting eggs of Daphnia longispina (fresh water crustacean; Kaya et al, 2014), pens of Illex argentinus (V azquez et al, 2017), biomass of Aspergillus niger (Abdel-Gawad et al, 2017) and exoskeleton of two-spotted field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus; Kim et al, 2017). Chitosan and its derivatives have been extensively studied for their antimicrobial activity (Tsai & Su, 1999;Khan et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2018) in addition to their bioactive properties including biodegradability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility and haemostatic activity (Gallyamov et al, 2017;Singh et al, 2017). Although the exact mode of action is still inconclusive, the commonly proposed model of chitosan antimicrobial activity suggests that the polycationic amines on the surface of chitosan are positively charged and interact with the negatively charged bacterial cell membranes (Kumar et al, 2005;Chouljenko et al, 2017).…”