Development and Evaluation of an In-House ELISA to Detect Anti-FcεR1α IgG Autoantibodies in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Patients

Abstract

Background. Association between chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and autoimmunity has been well documented. Autologous serum skin testing could support the autoimmune etiology of CSU, whereas it is difficult to interpret and could not be performed on antihistamine omitted patients. It was found that immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies (autoAbs) against high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεR1) were suggested as a potential trigger in the pathogenesis of CSU. Although many ELISA protocols have been developed to detect these autoAbs, they lacked validation or a reliable cut-off point. We, therefore, aimed to develop a validated ELISA with a reliable cut-off point to quantitate IgG anti-FcεR1α autoAbs for CSU. Methods. We developed an in-house ELISA to quantitate IgG anti-FcεR1α autoAbs. Sera from 233 CSU patients and 25 healthy people were used to test with ELISA. The cut-off point was obtained from the results subjected to analyze with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. ELISA was validated with 116 CSU patients and 150 healthy donors. Results. ELISA revealed that healthy people had a basal level of IgG anti-FcεR1α autoAbs, whereas their levels were significantly lower than autoAbs levels in CSU patients. ROC analysis of ELISA determined the cut-off point at 936.7 ng/ml. Our ELISA was validated and provided excellent sensitivity and specificity at 98.28% and 92.67%, respectively. Conclusion. Our ELISA could detect significant levels of IgG anti-FcεR1α autoAbs in CSU, supporting that these autoAbs were associated with CSU etiology. Our validated ELISA with the reliable cut-off point provided excellent accuracy at 95.11% (98.28% sensitivity and 92.67% specificity). Our ELISA could be an alternative test benefit for the patient who is unable to omit antihistamine treatment.