Development and Evaluation of a Rapid Flow‐Through Immuno Filtration Test Using Recombinant Filarial Antigen for Diagnosis of Brugian and Bancroftian Filariasis

Abstract

There is an imperative need to develop a rapid antibody test that can be used for diagnosis of clinical cases in travelers and expatriates, primary surveillance in areas of unknown endemicity, detection of early infection in childhood and for monitoring chemotherapeutic programs. A rapid‐format, simple and qualitative flow through immuno filtration test has been developed for the identification of total IgG antibodies to recombinant filarial antigen WbSXP‐1. This test system employs colloidal gold‐protein A reagent as the antibody capture reagent. The sensitivity and specificity of the test was evaluated in a total of 1,230 serum samples. The sensitivity of the test was found to be 90.8% with brugian (n=70) and 91.4% with bancroftian (n = 140) microfilaraemic subjects. The test showed minimum reactivity (4/10) with Loa loa microfilaria (MF) positive sera and no reactivity (0/20) with Onchocerca MF positive sera. This rapid diagnosis is found to be non‐reactive with individuals having other parasitic diseases including schistosomiasis (n = 10), soil‐transmitted helminthiases (n=34) and protozoan infections (n=33) indicating the potential of this test as a prospective method of diagnosis for both brugian and bancroftian lymphatic filariasis. Stability kinetics was studied at different temperatures and different time periods. The rapid flow‐through immuno filtration test is advantageous since it can be stored at room temperature, is user friendly and is particularly applicable in the field as an initial screening method, for epidemiological monitoring of filarial infections in bancroftian and brugian endemic regions of the world.

Preparation and In Vitro/Ex Vivo Evaluation of Buccoadhesive Discs of an Anti-Parkinson Drug: Relationship between Mucoadhesivity, Drug Release and Permeability

“…32 Swelling index for every sample was estimated with regard to the time, and the quantities found at 15 to 480 min are displayed in Table 2. The outcomes offer that concentration of the inserted buccoadhesive polymer can have a considerable role in attaining the appropriate mucoadhesion and drug release profiles.…”

“…The acceptable polarity of this polymer permits enough moistness by the mucus and sufficient fluidity of it allows the reciprocal adsorption and interpermeation between polymer and mucus. 31,32 Drug release from buccoadhesive disc According to Figure 2, the release of 14.13-46.52% of the drug after 0.5 h assures that there is a burst of effect from the disc. Moreover, samples with a proper sustained drug release profile of at least 72.16-84.90% over a period of 8 h were preferred for the aim of present research.…”

Production, purification and diagnostic application of filarial recombinant protein WbSXP-1 expressed in salt inducible Escherichia coli

“…Rapid Xow through Wlarial diagnostic kits and reagents were manufactured and assayed as described [6] at the research facility, SPAN Diagnostics Ltd. BrieXy, the kit contains a test spot with rWbSXP-1 and a control spot with goat-anti human IgG on nitro cellulose paper. The anti-SXP-1 antibodies if present in test serum binds to rWbSXP-1, whereas any IgG binds to control spot.…”

“…Optimization of assay, evaluation and stability kinetics of diagnostic kit was performed using MF, EN, CP and NEN sera. ELISA was performed as described [6,16,25]. BrieXy, rWbSXP-1 protein coated at diVerent concentration in 50 mM phosphate buVer pH 9.5.…”

“…In this scenario, we have developed recombinant Wuchereria bancrofti SXP-1 (rWbSXP-1) protein antigen based immunoassay, which can detect circulating antibodies in both bancroftian and brugian infections [16,25]. We have further improved the rWbSXP-1 antigen based immunoassay into a speciWc, single, rapid (3 min) Weld applicable test for diagnosis and surveillance of Wlarial elimination programmes [6,17]. Considering the endemic population, there is a need for economic production of rWbSXP-1 and diagnostic kits on a large scale.…”