Development and Evaluation of a Duplex Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection and Differentiation between Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Lagovirus europaeus/GI.1 and /GI.2

Fresco-Taboada, Alba; Montón, Mercedes; Tapia, Istar; Soria, Elena; Bárcena, Juan; Guillou-Cloarec, Cécile; Gall-Reculé, Ghislaine Le; Blanco, Esther; Rueda, Paloma

doi:10.3390/biology11030401

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Liver samples were collected and tested for RHDV GI.2 using a chromatographic lateral fow assay (INGEZIM ® RHDV1/2 DIF CROM, EUROFINS, Spain). Tis assay for RHDV GI.1 and GI.2 was recently validated in liver samples of European rabbits, showing a sensitivity of 94.4% and specifcity of 100% compared to molecular methods [29]. RHDV GI.2 was detected in 6 out of the 7 necropsied rabbits.…”

Section: Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Mortality of Wild European Rabbits during a Natural Outbreak of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease GI.2 Revealed by a Capture-Mark-Recapture Study

Jiménez‐Ruiz

Rafael

Coelho

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) GI.2 has caused significant declines in the abundance of wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), contributing to the species being recently classified as “endangered” in its native range. The epidemiology of this virus is still poorly understood despite its relevance for domestic and wild rabbits. During a longitudinal capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study of wild Iberian rabbits, O. c. algirus, in a semiextensive breeding enclosure, an outbreak of RHDV GI.2 took place in January-February 2022, allowing us to estimate key epidemiological parameters of a natural outbreak. From April 2021 to July 2022, 340 rabbits were captured 466 times and individually identified, and some were vaccinated against myxoma virus (MYXV) and/or RHDV GI.2. Sera were collected and tested for IgG specific for MYXV and RHDV GI.2, and data were analyzed using multievent CMR models. During six weeks in January-February 2022, an estimated 81.0% (CI95 77.1–84.3%) of the population died. Intensive aboveground searches could recover 189 carcasses (50.5% of the estimated mortality, CI95 41.8–63.4%), with RHDV GI.2 detected in 6/7 tested. Apparent RHDV GI.2 seroprevalence rose from 15.4% (CI95 8.0–27.5%) in January 2022 to 87.9% (CI95 72.7–95.2%) in February 2022. The apparent mortality of RHDV GI.2-seropositive rabbits during the outbreak was estimated as null, while for seronegative rabbits, it was 76.0% (CI95 53.8–90.3%). Among the seronegative rabbits, mortality was higher in unvaccinated (100%) than in recently vaccinated (60.0 ± 16.6%) and in females (100%) than in males (52.0 ± 17.1%). Infected carcasses in the burrows might explain the medium-term disease persistence in the population following the outbreak. Rabbits with antibodies at the cutoff for seropositivity were fully protected from fatal infection. Females had a higher fatality rate than males, underscoring the impact of RHDV GI.2 on the population dynamics of this endangered species.

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Section: Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Mortality of Wild European Rabbits during a Natural Outbreak of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease GI.2 Revealed by a Capture-Mark-Recapture Study

Jiménez‐Ruiz

Rafael

Coelho

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Barriers to Management of a Foreign Animal Disease at the Wildlife-Domestic Animal Interface: The Case of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease in the United States

Shapiro

Pienaar

Kohl

2022

Front. Conserv. Sci.

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The increasing global emergence of pathogens transmitted between wildlife and domestic animals are critically important conservation and economic concerns. International organizations, such as the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), have called for cross-jurisdictional government investment in defensible, reliable surveillance systems and biosecurity measures to prevent pathogen transmission at the wildlife-domestic animal interface. A classic example of a pathogen that transmits across the wildlife-domestic animal interface is rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2), which has spread to five continents in the 11 years since its discovery. RHDV2 is a highly contagious virus that infects wild and domestic rabbits and hares (lagomorphs). Globally, RHDV2 has resulted in population declines of wild lagomorphs, with associated biodiversity and hunting impacts, as well as economic losses for commercial rabbit industries. To assess the degree to which government agencies are positioned to engage in cross-jurisdictional approaches to mitigate pathogen spillover, we conducted the first study of how agricultural and wildlife agencies in the United States of America (U.S.) have responded to RHDV2 since it was detected in wild and domestic lagomorphs in March 2020. We surveyed and interviewed animal health personnel at 95 state wildlife and agricultural agencies, thereby accounting for all 50 states. Agencies have primarily responded to RHDV2 through disease investigations of potential RHDV2 cases, vaccinations, and education and outreach with the public and stakeholder groups. However, agencies' inconsistent jurisdiction within and across states over lagomorph populations and industries, limited knowledge of wild lagomorph populations and the composition of the domestic rabbit industry, and resource constraints have hindered management efforts. Improved understanding of the domestic lagomorph trade and transport routes is urgently needed to mitigate the risks associated with human-mediated movement of rabbits and RHDV2 across the U.S. Greater flexibility in agency funding and increased allocation of discretionary funds to agencies for management of animal diseases would allow agencies to respond more rapidly and effectively to emerging pathogens such as RHDV2. Federal leadership is needed to engage state agencies in collaborative, proactive interagency disease management across the U.S.

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Development and Evaluation of a Duplex Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection and Differentiation between Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Lagovirus europaeus/GI.1 and /GI.2

Cited by 2 publications

References 40 publications

High Mortality of Wild European Rabbits during a Natural Outbreak of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease GI.2 Revealed by a Capture-Mark-Recapture Study

High Mortality of Wild European Rabbits during a Natural Outbreak of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease GI.2 Revealed by a Capture-Mark-Recapture Study

Barriers to Management of a Foreign Animal Disease at the Wildlife-Domestic Animal Interface: The Case of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease in the United States

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