Development and evaluation of a method for hexavalent chromium in ambient air using IC-ICP-MS

Meng, Qingyu; Fan, Zhihua; Buckley, Brian; Lin, Lin; Huang, Lihui; Yu, Chang Ho; Stiles, Robert; Bonanno, Linda J.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.009

Cited by 31 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The chromatograms of the 1.0 ppb Cr external standard and a typical ambient PM sample are shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. The retention times of Cr (VI) and Cr(III) were 0.63-1.00 min and 2.20-2.81 min, respectively, under the conditions of our method for the measurement of Cr(VI) in ambient PM (Meng et al, 2011). The chromatograms showed that Cr(III) in the ambient PM samples extracted with DI-H 2 O was below detection limit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Prior to setup in the field, 10 mL each of 1 ng/mL 53 Cr (VI) and 1 ng/mL 50 Cr(III) were spiked on the filter. The sample extraction and analysis procedures were described in Meng et al (2011). The mass of Cr(VI) in the sample extract was determined by the external calibration curve and EPA method 6800, respectively.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement of ambient Cr(VI) is very challenging due to potential errors caused by conversion between Cr(VI) and Cr(III) (Meng et al, 2011;Huang, 2012;Torkmahalleh et al, 2012). Cr (VI) conversion can result in negative errors for Cr(VI) measurements, whereas Cr(III) conversion can lead to positive errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICPMS) was used for Cr speciation and detection. The cleaning and pretreatment procedures as well as the speciation and analytical conditions were described elsewhere (Meng et al, 2011;Huang, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trivalent chromium solubility and its influence on quantification of hexavalent chromium in ambient particulate matter using EPA method 6800

Huang

Hopke

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Fan (2014) Trivalent chromium solubility and its influence on quantification of hexavalent chromium in ambient particulate matter using EPA method 6800, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 64:12, 1439-1445, DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2014 Measurement of carcinogenic Cr(VI) in ambient PM is challenging due to potential errors associated with conversion between Cr (VI) (a carcinogen) and Cr(III) (an essential nutrient). Cr(III) conversion is a particular concern due to its >80% atomic abundance in total Cr. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method 6800 that uses water-soluble isotope spikes can be used to correct the interconversion. However, whether the enriched Cr(III) isotope spikes can adequately mimic the Cr(III) species originally in ambient PM is unknown. This study examined the water solubility of Cr(III) in ambient PM and discussed its influence on Cr(VI) measurement. Ambient PM 10 samples were collected on Teflon filters at four sites in New Jersey that may have different Cr emission sources. The samples were ultrasonically extracted with 5 mL DI-H 2 O (pH 5.7) at room temperature for 40 min, and then analyzed by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICPMS). Cr(III) was below detection limit (0.06 ng/m 3 ) for all samples, suggesting water-soluble Cr(III) species, such as CrCl 3 , Cr(NO 3 ) 3 , and amorphous Cr(OH) 3 , in the ambient PM were negligible. Therefore, the enriched 50 Cr(III) isotope spike (in the form of Cr(NO 3 ) 3 ) could not mimic the original ambient Cr(III). Only the conversion of 53 Cr(VI) (in the form of K 2 CrO 4 ) was taken into account when correcting the interconversion. We then used NaHCO 3 -pretreated MCE filters (prespiked with enriched isotope species) to measure Cr(VI) in the ambient PM 10 . The samples were ultrasonically extracted at 60 C pH 9 solutions for 40 min followed by IC-ICPMS analysis. Due to the correction of Cr(VI) reduction, the Cr(VI) concentrations determined by EPA method 6800, 0.26 AE 0.16 (summer) and 0.16 AE 0.11(winter) ng/m 3 (n ¼ 64), were significantly greater than those by the external standard curve, 0.21 AE 0.17 (summer) and 0.10 AE 0.07 (winter) ng/m 3 (n ¼ 56) (p < 0.01, Student's t-test). Our study revealed that appropriate application of EPA method 6800 is important because it only applies to soluble fraction of Cr species in ambient PM.Implications: Accurate measurement of carcinogenic Cr(VI) in ambient PM is challenging due to conversion between Cr(VI) (a human carcinogen) and Cr(III) (a human essential nutrient). The conversion of Cr(III) is of particular concern due to its dominant presence in total Cr (>80%). This study examined the water solubility of Cr(III) in ambient PM that was collected at four locations in New Jersey. Then we discussed the influence of Cr(III) solubility on the application of EPA method 6800, which utilizes enriched isotope spikes to correct the interconversion. Our results suggested that appropriate application of EPA method 6800 is important because it only applies ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Trivalent chromium solubility and its influence on quantification of hexavalent chromium in ambient particulate matter using EPA method 6800

Huang

Hopke

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…The use of speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) to study possible arsenic species inter-conversions occurring during the extraction is not applicable. [27][28][29] In the literature, the use of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy as a benchmark for validation of extraction methods is oen reported. 29,30 XANES is a non-destructive element-specic technique for characterising electronic congurations of both amorphous and crystalline materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of inorganic arsenic in particulate matter by combining HPLC/ICP-MS and XANES analyses

Tirez

Vanhoof

Peters

et al. 2015

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Inorganic arsenic species in ambient particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) have been determined in an urban area, in the vicinity of a metallurgical industrial plant. The developed high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC/ICP-MS) method allows monitoring of particulate As(III) and As(V)-species, with a limit of quantification of 0.34 ng m À3 As(III) and 0.23 ng m À3 As(V), respectively. Good agreement was obtained between the sum of the concentrations of As(III) and As(V) determined by HPLC/ICP-MS and the total As concentrations determined by XRF, indicating a complete extraction of the As species. During the measuring campaigns for PM 10 and PM 2.5 , a significant conversion (oxidation) up to 54% of exogenous spiked As(III) was observed. The total amount of the spiked As(III) was well-recovered (PM 10 and PM 2.5 on average 108% and 101%, respectively). The extraction of the filter in combination with the sampled air matrix is likely to induce the As(III) conversion. The average measured As concentration in PM 10 during a 40-day monitoring campaign (30 ng m À3 ) at a hot spot location is above the European target value of 6 ng m À3 . The measured As concentration in PM 2.5 was half the value of the measured concentration in PM 10 and no relative enrichment of total As was observed in either particulate matter fractions. However, in PM 10 , As(V) was the main component, while in PM 2.5 , As(III) was the dominant species. During the monitoring campaign, the fraction of particulate As(III) varied between 19 and 61% in PM 10 and a trend towards a higher fraction of As(III) with increasing concentration of total As was observed. XANES and XRD analyses were used for the identification of arsenic species in local PM sources and confirmed the presence of Ca 3 Sr 2 (AsO 4 ) 2.5 (PO 4 ) 0.5 (OH), As 2 O 3 and As 2 O 5 species.

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Principles and Applications of Ion Chromatography

Michalski¹

2016

Application of IC‐MS and IC‐ICP‐MS in Environmental Research

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Development and evaluation of a method for hexavalent chromium in ambient air using IC-ICP-MS

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

Trivalent chromium solubility and its influence on quantification of hexavalent chromium in ambient particulate matter using EPA method 6800

Trivalent chromium solubility and its influence on quantification of hexavalent chromium in ambient particulate matter using EPA method 6800

Speciation of inorganic arsenic in particulate matter by combining HPLC/ICP-MS and XANES analyses

Principles and Applications of Ion Chromatography

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