Development and Evaluation of a New Measure for Muscle Tone of Ankle Plantar Flexors: the Ankle Plantar Flexors Tone Scale

Takeuchi, Nobuyuki; Kuwabara, Takeya; Usuda, Shigeru

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2009.08.141

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…According to the definition by Lance 3) , spasticity consists of the central component of the muscle tone, but many studies have reported the importance of biophysical factors (mainly the peripheral component) [20][21][22] . Therefore, when the muscle tone due to CVD is discussed, evaluation of both components is important 6) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SR, MR, and FR were measured 3 times each, and the maximum value was recorded. At the time of the development of the APTS, the reliability of the APTS was analyzed using the Cohen kappa coefficient (κ), and high reliability was confirmed (κ = 0.63-0.94) 6) . All measurements were performed in the supine position for the two limb positions with the knee completely extended or flexed at 90°.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peripheral component is formed according to the muscle extensibility of soft tissues such as muscle fibers and fascia. In the approach to muscle hypertonia due to cerebrovascular disease, both the central component, as a hyperactive stretch reflex, and peripheral component, which consists of such things as decreased extensibility and shortening of muscle fibers and fascia, are important 6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinically, ordinal scales represented by the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) are widely used for their straightforwardness. Concerning the disadvantages of the MAS, the velocity and range of passive movement are not specified, and separate evaluation of the central and peripheral components is impossible 6) . For such reasons, our research group has performed various studies to develop evaluation parameters and therapeutic approaches for hypertonia of the ankle plantar flexors due to CVD [6][7][8][9][10][11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously developed a scale allowing evaluation separately for the central and peripheral components of the tone of the ankle plantar flexors (ankle plantar flexors tone scale: APTS), and evaluated its reliability and validity 6) . The APTS consists of the following 3 items: the stretch reflex (SR) reflecting the central component, and the middle range resistance (MR) and final range resistance (FR) reflecting the peripheral component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between the Tones of the Ankle Plantar Flexors and Duration of Illness in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease

2012

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Abstract.[Purpose] The aim of this study was to clarify the association between the muscle tone of the ankle plantar flexors and duration of illness in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD).[Subjects] Seventy-four patients with CVD were the subjects of this study.[Methods] The tone of the ankle plantar flexors on the paretic side was measured in terms of the stretch reflex (SR), middle range resistance (MR), and final range resistance (FR) of the ankle plantar flexors tone scale (APTS). All APTS parameters were measured in 2 limb positions with the knee extended and flexed. The subjects were classified according to the duration of illness after onset into short-(<180 days) and long-term (≥180 days) groups. The associations between the duration of illness and SR, MR, and FR were analyzed. [Results] In the short-term group, SR was weakly correlated with the duration of illness in both the knee extended and flexed positions. However, in the long-term group, there was no association between the SR and duration of illness in either position.[Conclusion] The results of this study suggested an increase in the stretch reflex of the gastrocnemius muscle in the patients with a duration of illness <180 days.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between the Tones of the Ankle Plantar Flexors and Duration of Illness in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease

2012

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Advanced quantitative estimation methods for spasticity: a literature review

Luo

Bian

et al. 2019

J Int Med Res

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Post-stroke spasticity seriously affects patients’ quality of life. Spasticity is considered to involve both neural and non-neural factors. Current clinical scales, such as the Modified Ashworth Scale and the Modified Tardieu Scale, lack reliability and reproducibility. These scales are also unable to identify the neural and non-neural contributions to spasticity. Surface electromyography and biomechanical and myotonometry measurement methods for post-stroke spasticity are discussed in this report. Surface electromyography can provide neural information, while myotonometry can estimate muscular properties. Both the neural and non-neural contributions can be estimated by biomechanical measurement. These laboratory methods can quantitatively assess spasticity. They can provide more valuable information for further study on treatment and rehabilitation than clinical scales.

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Temporal Motor Coordination in the Ankle Joint Following Upper Motor Neuron Lesions

Tomita¹,

Usuda

2013

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] We compared ankle temporal motor coordination between stroke, spinal disease and healthy elderly groups, and investigated the relationship between motor impairments and gait speed. [Subjects] Twenty-four patients with stroke, 19 post-operative spinal disease patients and 17 healthy elderly subjects participated. [Methods] Ankle temporal motor coordination of the three groups was assessed using the simple reaction time, the foot-tapping test, and a rhythm task. Rhythm error and rhythm variation were analyzed using the results of the rhythm task. Isometric muscle strength, spasticity, muscle stiffness, somatosensory and 10-m gait speed of the stroke and spinal disease subjects were also measured. [Results] Only the stroke group showed significant reductions in temporal accuracy and consistency in the rhythm task. Simple reaction time and the rhythm task were significantly poorer in the stroke group, whereas the foot-tapping test was not. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated gait speed was explained by rhythm error and plantarflexor strength in the stroke group, and rhythm error and simple reaction time in the spinal disease group. [Conclusion] Poor performance in simple reaction time and the rhythm task in the stroke group suggest these tasks are controlled by the supraspinal central nervous system. Negative features, particularly motor coordination, are more associated with gait speed than positive features.

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Development and Evaluation of a New Measure for Muscle Tone of Ankle Plantar Flexors: the Ankle Plantar Flexors Tone Scale

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Association between the Tones of the Ankle Plantar Flexors and Duration of Illness in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease

Association between the Tones of the Ankle Plantar Flexors and Duration of Illness in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease

Advanced quantitative estimation methods for spasticity: a literature review

Temporal Motor Coordination in the Ankle Joint Following Upper Motor Neuron Lesions

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