“…Recently deep learning has attained remarkable performance in disease screening and diagnosis (Cheung et al, 2021;Hosny and Aerts, 2019;Li et al, 2020aLi et al, , 2020bLi et al, , 2020cLi et al, , 2020dMatheny et al, 2019;Zhou et al, 2021). The performance of deep learning is comparable with and even superior to that of human doctors in many clinical image analyses (Li et al, 2021a(Li et al, , 2021b(Li et al, , 2021c(Li et al, , 2021dLi et al, 2020aLi et al, , 2020bLi et al, , 2020cLi et al, , 2020dLi et al, 2019;Ting et al, 2017;Xie et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020). For example, the accuracy of a deep learning system in distinguishing coronavirus pneumonia from computed tomography images reached the level of senior radiologists (87.5% versus 84.5%; p > 0.05) and exceeded the level of junior radiologists (87.5% versus 65.6%; p < .05) (Zhang et al, 2020).…”