Development and characterization of slow release N and Zn fertilizer by coating urea with Zn fortified nano-bentonite and ZnO NPs using various binders

Smart Fertilizers vs. Nano-fertilizers: A Pictorial Overview

“…The technology of nanofertilizers has a great role in developing different kinds of fertilizers such as using the hybrid nano-composite of nanofertilizer from Cu, Fe and Zn (Rahman et al 2021), or chitosan-based nano-fertilizers (Jakhar et al 2022;Prajapati et al 2022), or different nano-enabled fertilizers of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) and magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) (Khalid et al 2022), ZnO-NPs coated urea granules (Umar et al 2022), nanohydroxyapatite as P-nanofertilizer (Sajadinia et al 2021), lignin-clay nanohybrid as bio-based slowrelease fertilizers (Zhang et al 2022), green synthesized fertilizer of zinc nanostructure (Zn NS) (Bahmanzadegan et al 2022), combined applied biochar and ZnO nanofertilizer (Sheikhnazari et al 2022), nano-rock phosphate as a nano-P-fertilizer (Yasmeen et al 2022), and Fe3O4-urea nanocomposites as N-fertilizer (Guha et al 2022).…”

Dense and superhydrophobic biopolymer-coated large tablet produced with energy efficient UV-curing for controlled-release fertilizer

“…The cumulative N release rates of BCF, HBCF and DSBCF were determined in water at 25 C. 10 g of each of the BCFs, HBCFs and DSBCFs were put into a glass bottle containing 200 ml static deionized water at 25 AE 0.5 C with three replicates. Water samples with each fertilizer were taken out at 1, 3,5,7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56,63,70,77,84,91,98,105,112 and 119 days to determine the N concentration using the Kjeldahl method until the N release rate reached 80%. 45 Aer each sampling, the remaining water in the bottles was poured out, and 200 ml deionized water was re-added into the bottle.…”

“…The release characteristics of the single tablet of BCF, HBCF and DSBCF with a 3% coating rate in static deionized water were measured in a 50 ml centrifuge tube at 25 C, using the above-mentioned methods. The N release of coated fertilizer on 1, 3,5,7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56,63, 70 and 77 days was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and the volume change percentage of the three coated fertilizers was measured during sampling using the drainage method. The initial volume and the volume aer incubation treatment of fertilizer were recorded as V 1 and V 2 , respectively.…”

“…Thus, development of green, low-cost and renewable biopolymer-based coating materials has become the key technology to promote the development of CRFs. 5,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] On the other hand, large tablet fertilizers (LTFs) developed by the International Fertilizer Development Center have attracted more attention because of their capacities to improve the yields of crops 4 and reduce the usage of fertilizers. 18 Nevertheless, when uncoated LTFs are applied to the soil, they are equivalent to an instantaneous point source of ammonia and form a local environment rich in nitrogen, increasing the risk of leaching below the root zone 19,20 and root burn.…”

ZnO/γ-Fe2O3/Bentonite: An Efficient Solar-Light Active Magnetic Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Pharmaceutical Active Compounds

“…Stabilization of ZnO nanomaterials using appropriate support materials has been demonstrated to be an efficient way to prevent this issue [ 22 ]. Bentonite, being a stable and low-cost clay mineral, with a large surface area and high cation exchange capacity, is considered a suitable alternative to stabilize such semiconductor nanoparticles [ 23 , 24 ]. Difficulties in collecting spent photocatalysts after being used during the treatment process have also been considered an issue that may limit the wider application of such technologies for the treatment of polluted (waste)waters [ 25 ].…”