Development and Characterization of n-Propyl Gallate Encapsulated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles-Loaded Hydrogel for Intranasal Delivery

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to develop n-propyl gallate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PG-SLNs) in a hydrogel (HG) formulation using Transcutol-P (TC-P) as a permeation enhancer. Modified solvent injection technique was applied to produce optimized PG-SLNs via the Quality by Design approach and central composite design. The in vitro mucoadhesion, scavenging activity, drug release, permeation studies of PG from PG-SLNs-loaded HG were evaluated under simulated nasal conditions. Compared with in vitro release behavior of PG from SLNs, the drug release from the PG-SLNs-loaded HG showed a lower burst effect and sustained release profile. The cumulative permeation of PG from PG-SLNs-loaded HG with TC-P was 600 μg/cm2 within 60 min, which is 3–60-fold higher than PG-SLNs and native PG, respectively. Raman mapping showed that the distribution of PG-SLNs was more concentrated in HG having lower concentrations of hyaluronic acid. The scavenging assay demonstrated increased antioxidant activity at higher concentrations of HG. Due to enhanced stability and mucoadhesive properties, the developed HG-based SLNs can improve nasal absorption by increasing residence time on nasal mucosa. This study provides in vitro proof of the potential of combining the advantages of SLNs and HG for the intranasal delivery of antioxidants.

Development of Lomustine and n-Propyl Gallate Co-Encapsulated Liposomes for Targeting Glioblastoma Multiforme via Intranasal Administration

“…Various studies support the in vivo evidence of anticancer and antiangiogenic properties of PG, which is primarily applied as an antioxidant compound [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. It has been reported PG can cause apoptosis in human leukemia cells and HeLa cells by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depleting glutathione [ 40 ].…”

Nasal Delivery to the Brain: Harnessing Nanoparticles for Effective Drug Transport

“…In another attempt, the hydrogel-based SLN formulation was developed containing n-propyl gallate to improve brain delivery via intranasal administration. The study suggests that hydrogel-based SLNs can enhance nasal absorption by improving mucosal residence time and stability, offering a promising approach for intranasal delivery [ 127 ]. Piribedil-loaded SLN in situ gel was developed and evaluated via the nose-to-brain pathway.…”

Modern Wound Dressings: Hydrogel Dressings

“…In comparison with traditional WDs, modern ones provide the wettability of the wound surface, gas exchange, exudate absorption, are non-adhesive to the wound surface, and are able to enhance autolytic wound debridement. Among modern WDs, hydrogel materials occupy a special niche due to the wide potential as systems for targeted delivery of drugs [ 10 ], antibiotics [ 11 ], nanoparticles [ 12 ], growth factors [ 13 ] and regulatory peptides [ 14 ]. This mini review briefly discusses both traditional and modern WDs, among which special attention is paid to hydrogels and hydrocolloids, and, in addition, the classification of hydrogels by the mechanism of gelation provided.…”