Development and Characterization of Multisite Three-Dimensional Microprobes for Deep Brain Stimulation and Recording

Chronic neural probe for simultaneous recording of single-unit, multi-unit, and local field potential activity from multiple brain sites

“…Furthermore, Ulbert et al have shown that SUA can be successfully recorded acutely in humans from up to 24 microelectrodes positioned along the shank of semi-cylindrical neural depth probes [20,21], motivating to extend these recordings into the domain of chronic recordings with an increased channel count. Alternative approaches for fabricating depth probes that circumvent the labour intensive assembly of individual metal cylinders connected to micro wires are based on polymer foils with integrated thin-film metal structures realized using microfabrication technologies [22,24,25]. As demonstrated by Fomani et al [22] and similarly proposed in a patent application by A. Mercanzini and P. Renaud [24], these foils can be wrapped around a cylindrical carrier to which they are adhesively bonded, as schematically cross section A-AF igure 2.…”

“…As indicated by Figure 2(a), the assembly process does not allow the foil to cover the entire carrier circumference and thus limits the number of interconnecting leads that can be integrated. Nonetheless, probes with up to 32 channels and an outer diameter as small as 0.75 mm have been realized using this approach [22]. To our best knowledge, only in vitro LFP recordings and electrical stimulation experiments using explanted mice brains have been performed using these probes [22].…”

“…Nonetheless, probes with up to 32 channels and an outer diameter as small as 0.75 mm have been realized using this approach [22]. To our best knowledge, only in vitro LFP recordings and electrical stimulation experiments using explanted mice brains have been performed using these probes [22]. Already in 1989, van der Puije et al proposed a different probe shaping process for cochlear implants that applies a mould with a lead-in funnel [23].…”

Fabrication and degradation characteristic of sputtered iridium oxide neural microelectrodes for FES application

“…Seeking the least degradation of the reactively sputtered iridium oxide film (SIROF) is of key impact on the functional electrical stimulation (FES) [6]. Here, we have fabricated SIROF microelectrodes under different oxygen flows and the stimulus-evoked degradation properties are tested.…”

Recent Progress on Non-Conventional Microfabricated Probes for the Chronic Recording of Cortical Neural Activity

“…Various research groups have addressed these issues by introducing unique features which are added to conventional shank-type cortical arrays through specially devised microfabrication techniques. As illustrated in Figure 1B, these efforts have resulted in a variety of microelectrode arrays featuring various non-conventional characteristics, including: (1) multi-sided arrays to avoid shielding and increase the recording volume [132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141]; (2) tube-type or cylindrical probes for three-dimensional (3D) recording, deep insertion and multi-modality capabilities [142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150]; (3) folded arrays for high conformability and 3D recording [151,152,153,154]; (4) self-softening or self-deployable probes for minimized tissue damage and an extension of the recording site beyond the gliosis [155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168]; (5) mesh- or thread-like arrays to minimize glial scarring and immune response levels [169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181]; (6) nanostructured probes to reduce the immune response [182,183,184,…”