Development and characterization of graphitic carbon nitride as nonblack filler in natural rubber composites

Abstract

A new type of elastomeric composite containing natural rubber (NR) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has been successfully prepared with the reinforced property. The reinforcing effect of g-C 3 N 4 in NR composites was examined by cure, mechanical, morphological, and swelling studies. Besides, epoxidized NR with 50-mol % epoxy level (ENR-50) was used as a compatibilizer to enhance the hydrophilic g-C 3 N 4 filler capacity for hydrophobic NR composites. At the same filler load level, the mechanical properties of NR/g-C 3 N 4 composites, such as tensile strength and tensile modulus, were consistently increased with increased ENR-50 content. To note, the ENR compatibilized composites have shown better-reinforced performance, which has been attributed to the hydrogen bonding interactions between the uncondensed amine groups in g-C 3 N 4 and the polar groups in ENR. We believe that these newly prepared NR composites based on g-C 3 N 4 as nonblack filler and ENR-50 as compatibilizer can find potential applications in modern day rubber research.

Mechanical enhancement of epoxidized natural rubber by flue gas desulfurization ash as the sole reinforcing filler

“…These findings demonstrate that the inclusion of FGDA can effectively enhance the mechanical characteristics of ENR, with a particularly notable impact on tensile strength. The reinforcing efficiency (RE) was calculated according to the following formula 51 and is given in Table 2. …”

Improved cure characteristics and mechanical properties of an epoxidized natural rubber filled with cerium oxide nanoparticles: Influence of epoxide levels and filler loading

“…To better understand the reinforcing effect of the filler, the following equation was used to calculate reinforcement efficiency (RE). 62…”

Structure, properties, and antibacterial behavior of nickel oxide reinforced natural rubber nanocomposites for flexible electronic applications

“…Elastomers, which are flexible materials, can be molded into various shapes and employed in a wide range of technical applications. Rubber nanocomposites are developed using a variety of synthetic techniques, including solution casting, internal mixing, melt mixing, and two‐roll milling 15,16 . The two‐roll mill mixing method is superior to the others because it effectively reinforces the nanoparticles into the matrix by applying very high shear stress.…”

“…Rubber nanocomposites are developed using a variety of synthetic techniques, including solution casting, internal mixing, melt mixing, and two-roll milling. 15,16 The two-roll mill mixing method is superior to the others because it effectively reinforces the nanoparticles into the matrix by applying very high shear stress. Additionally, this method does not use any solvents, in contrast to other well-known methods, making it possibly a greener approach to the fabrication of rubber nanocomposites.…”