Development and Characterization of an Enzymatic Method for the Rapid Determination of Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid

Sciotti, Michel A.; Hasan, Lara; Scholer, André; Jermann, Thomas M.; Weber, Jakob; Gygax, Daniel

doi:10.2533/chimia.2010.793

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The increase in absorbance at 340 nm is proportional to GHB concentration. 17 The lower detection limit of the GHB kit is 2 mg/l and the lower limit of quantification is 5 mg/l, according to the information of the manufacturer. The 97.5th percentile in serum of blood donors who did not consume GHB is 6.1 mg/l.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of gamma hydroxybutyrate in emergency department

et al. 2015

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Background: Many patients present to emergency departments (EDs) with an altered state of consciousness. Fast exclusion of gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)-associated intoxication in these patients may optimize diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms and decisions in the ED. Methods: Between January and March 2014, a novel enzymatic test system was used to quantify GHB in blood and urine samples of suspected intoxicated patients in the ED of the University Hospital. The underlying causes for suspected intoxication and the diagnostic and therapeutic measures were documented and analysed retrospectively. Results: GHB measurements were performed in 13 patients with suspected ingestion during a 3-month study period. GHB was positive in six patients showing serum levels between 61.8 mg/l and 254.8 mg/l, and GHB was tested negative in seven patients with a range of 0.3–6.2 mg/l (upper reference limit 6.1 mg/l). Additional intoxication was found in five of six GHB positive (83%, alcohol n = 2 and other drugs n = 5) and in six of seven negative-tested patients (86%, alcohol n = 5 and other drugs n = 1). Conclusion: GHB quantification in the ED provides specific additional information for intoxication, which can lead to more precise diagnostic and therapeutic decisions and may also be important for legal aspects. We believe that GHB analysis in unconscious patients with suspected intoxication may improve the efficient treatment of intoxicated patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,16 Immunologic detection is not appropriate for GHB. 17,18 Thus a suitable clinical chemical detection method is still an obstacle of its widespread availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of gamma hydroxybutyrate in emergency department

et al. 2015

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“…The brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissue norepinephrine level measured according to Kapoor and Chalmers (1987) method. The brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissue gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) level evaluated according to Sciotti et al (2010) method.…”

Section: Brain Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus Neurotransmitters Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geranium oil and anise oil inhibit brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus inflammation in depressed animal model

Koriem

Fadl

El-Zayat

et al. 2020

NFS

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to check the geranium oil and anise oil effect to inhibit inflammation in brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus areas in depression. Design/methodology/approach Depression defined as psychiatric disease and chronic mild stress (CMS) model a well-known animal model of depression that represented major symptoms occurred in human depression. Geranium oil and anise oil selected for such a study to check their anti-inflammatory effect in brain tissues in depressed animal model. Findings The brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and interleukin (IL)-10 significantly decreased (p < 0.001) while brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus IL-1ß, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Ki-67 levels significantly increased (p < 0.001) in CMS rats compared to control. The oral intake of venlafaxine drug, anise oil and geranium oil significantly increased (p < 0.001) serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, GABA and IL-10 while significantly decreased (p < 0.001) IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α and Ki-67 levels to approach normal levels in brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus areas compared with CMS rats. Originality/value Antidepressants used in depression treatment but these drugs are either too expensive or had side effects. Folklore and complementary medicine used in different diseases treatment due to cheap and available source. Geranium oil and anise oil had anti-inflammatory effect in brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus areas in CMS rats.

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“…Unfortunately, their reliability was inconclusive and showed different results. 9,16,17 GHB's small nonspecific structural formula makes enzymatic tests prone to cross-reactivity with other similar compounds such as ethanol. 9 Drogies et al 18 reported a novel enzymatic method (Bühlmann Laboratories, Schönenbuch, Switzerland) that was used to measure GHB in serum of 13 patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Investigation of the Performance of 2 Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid Tests: DrugCheck GHB Single Test and Viva-E GHB Immunoassay

Smits¹,

Gresnigt

Groen

et al. 2020

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

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Background: Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a recreational drug with central nervous system depressing effects that is often abused. A urine GHB point-of-care test can be of great diagnostic value. The objective of this prospective study was to determine the performance of the new DrugCheck GHB Single Test and the Viva-E GHB immunoassay for urine samples in emergency department patients. Methods: Patients presented to the emergency department of the OLVG hospital in Amsterdam with a Glasgow Coma Scale score ,15 and potential drug of abuse intoxication were included in the study. Between June 2016 and October 2017, 375 patients were included. Using the DrugCheck GHB Single Test (Express Diagnostics Int'l, Blue Earth, MN) and the Viva-E GHB immunoassay (Siemens Healthineers, The Hague, the Netherlands), patients' urine samples were tested for GHB (cutoff for a positive result, 10 or 50 mcg/mL GHB). To ensure quality, the results obtained were compared with those generated using a validated gas chromatography method. The tests were considered reliable if specificity and sensitivity were both .90%. Possible cross-reactivity with ethanol was investigated by analyzing ethanol concentrations in patients' samples. Results: Seventy percentage of the included patients was men, and the median age was 34 years old. The DrugCheck GHB Single Test's specificity and sensitivity were 90.0% and 72.9%, respectively, and using 50 mcg/mL as a cutoff value, its specificity and sensitivity improved to 96.7% and 75.0%, respectively. Serum and urine ethanol levels in the false-positive group were significantly higher compared with those in the true-negative group. The specificity and sensitivity of the Viva-E GHB immunoassay (cutoff value of 50 mcg/mL and excluding samples with ethanol levels $2.0 g/L) were 99.4% and 93.5%, respectively. Conclusions: The DrugCheck GHB Single Test's specificity was sufficient, whereas its sensitivity was poor, making it unsuitable for use at point-of-care. Contrarily, using 50 mcg/mL as the cutoff value and excluding samples with ethanol levels $2.0 g/L, the Viva-E GHB immunoassay showed acceptable results to detect clinically relevant GHB intoxications.

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Development and Characterization of an Enzymatic Method for the Rapid Determination of Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Detection of gamma hydroxybutyrate in emergency department

Detection of gamma hydroxybutyrate in emergency department

Geranium oil and anise oil inhibit brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus inflammation in depressed animal model

Prospective Investigation of the Performance of 2 Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid Tests: DrugCheck GHB Single Test and Viva-E GHB Immunoassay

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