Development and Characterization of a Highly Selective Turn-On Fluorescent Ligand for β₃-Adrenergic Receptor

Abstract

For the precise visualization of GPCR, subtype selectivity of turn-on fluorescent ligands is of major relevance. Although there are many thriving β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) probes, none of them are selective to the β3-subtype, which severely limits the development of β3-AR investigations. Using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain to conjugate the Py-5 fluorophore with mirabegron, we present here a highly selective fluorescent ligand, H2, for β3-AR. It was established by the radioligand and NanoLuc-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NanoBRET) binding experiments that molecule H2 has a substantially higher affinity for β3-AR than the other two subtypes (1/3, 45-fold; 2/3, 16-fold). More crucially, when molecule H2 was incubated with β3-AR, the turn-on fluorescent signals could be quickly released. The subsequent investigations, which included cell imaging, tissue imaging, and flow-cytometry analysis, proved that molecule H2 may make it possible to quickly and accurately fluorescently identify β3-AR at different levels. We offer a prospective fluorescent turn-on ligand with exceptional selectivity for β3-AR as a result of our combined efforts.

A fluorescence “turn-on” probe for the respective ratiometric detection of hypochlorite and cysteine

“…24,25 In comparison, detections based on "turn-on" luminescence are more desirable because they show better accuracy by reducing the influence of many quenching species. 26,27 Herein, dual emission carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized for separately detecting HClO and Cys by virtue of 'ratiometric' and 'turn-on' fluorescence responses. As shown in Scheme 1, the N-CDs show two fluorescence emission peaks at 548 and 640 nm.…”