Development and assessment of a new operating principle for the measurement of unsteady flow rates in high-pressure pipelines

Catania, Andrea; Ferrari, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2009.08.004

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…If a uniform (or flat) 1D velocity profile is assumed, the unsteady Bernoulli relation can be expressed in terms of flowrate and differential pressure [13]. Since this relation is used for measuring bidirectional oscillating flows, the term has to be direction-sensitive, and is replaced by | | as proposed in [4] and [5]. This yields the compact differential relation (7), of which the solution gives the instantaneous flowrate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other authors developed a similar momentum balance technique based on pressure gradient measurement in a high-pressure hydraulic pipeline application, where compressibility effects and wave travel speeds had to be taken into account [5]. On the other hand, for laminar and incompressible unsteady flows, some authors used an analytical flow model to enhance flow measurements obtained from pressure gradient [6] or centerline velocity [7,8,9].…”

Section: A Flowmeter For Unsteady Liquid Flow Measurements In Total Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A flowmeter for unsteady liquid flow measurements in total liquid ventilation

Beaulieu

Foucault

Braud

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications

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A promising alternative to the use of conventional mechanical ventilators to treat pulmonary syndromes such as acute respiratory distress and meconium aspiration consists of employing total liquid ventilators, an experimental device which uses an oxygenated perfluorochemical liquid instead of a gas mixture of air and oxygen. Liquid ventilator development is an active field of research, as most components cannot be directly imported from gas ventilators and must be completely redesigned. The addressed problem is to provide a reliable measurement of the liquid flow in and out of the lungs considering that it must take into account unsteady effects to produce accurate measurements. An unsteady flowmeter was developed for implementation in the Inolivent-4, our total liquid ventilator prototype developed at Université de Sherbrooke. It consists of a symmetrical venturi tube comprising three pressure sensors and in which flow measurement is obtained by numerically solving a slightly modified version of the unsteady Bernoulli equation. A prototype was validated in-vitro by applying zero-mean sinusoidal flows. Low-frequency characterization determined the venturi discharge coefficient as a function of the Reynolds number, and higher-frequency measurements determined the applicable bandwidth of the device. The velocity profiles were measured in the venturi by particle image velocimetry (PIV), and the device was calibrated by comparison with an ultrasonic flowmeter and measurements from a piston pump. Results showed that quasi-steady flows could be accurately measured in the 5 ml/s -60 ml/s range, while low-amplitude (≤10 ml/s) oscillatory flows were well measured for frequencies below 3 Hz. Finally, PIV experiments showed that the flat velocity profile assumption required for a simple solution of the flowmeter equation was valid within the operating range.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Flowmeter For Unsteady Liquid Flow Measurements In Total Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

A flowmeter for unsteady liquid flow measurements in total liquid ventilation

Beaulieu

Foucault

Braud

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications

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“…21 The instantaneous volumetric flow-rate fluctuations (Δ Q ) with respect to the mean value are calculated from the measured pressure time histories on the basis of the 1D momentum balance equation that is solved for the piece of pipeline between the two pressure transducers. The following relations are used in the Flotec control unit to evaluate Δ Q 22 where δp ( t ) is the instantaneous difference between the pressure time histories measured with the GS XPM5 transducers, a k and b k ∀ k ≥ 1 are the coefficients of the k -th harmonic term with circular frequency ω k =2 k π/ T of the Fourier series of δ p ( N corresponds to 95% of the energy of the Δ p Fourier spectrum) and ρ is the oil density. The latter can be evaluated as a function of mean pressure and temperature.…”

Section: Fluid Power System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and experimental studies on a proportional valve using an innovative dynamic flow-rate measurement in fluid power systems

Ferrari

Pizzo

Rundo

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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A numerical model of a servoactuator and of a four-port proportional direction control valve has been developed. Mechanical and hydraulic elements have been simulated in the LMS Amesim® environment. The complete model has been validated on the basis of the experimental time histories of the actuator velocity and of the flow-rate controlled by the proportional valve. The validation data have been acquired on a fluid power system used to test electro-hydraulic servovalves according to ISO 10770-1 standard. The measurement of the instantaneous flow-rate through the valve has been performed with an innovative high-dynamics flowmeter, recently developed for high-pressure liquid flows. Furthermore, the model predicted static characteristic of the proportional valve has been compared with a corresponding experimentally derived curve and an analysis of the cause-and-effect relationships has been carried out for the valve static performance. Measured data on valve leakages have also been presented in order to complete the steady-state characterization of the tested valve. The developed model of the hydraulic system has been then applied to realize the Bode diagram of the proportional valve, which is expressed in terms of instantaneous flow-rate as a function of the sinusoidal driving command, as well as the Bode diagram of the subsystem made up of the proportional valve and of the linear actuator. The latter Bode graph is plotted in terms of piston velocity as a function of the sinusoidal driving command provided to the valve. The comparison between the two Bode diagrams has confirmed the accuracy of the ISO procedure, which is based on the assumption of negligible delay introduced by the dynamic response of the servo-actuator and by the oil compressibility. A reliable and cost-saving methodology, which uses the innovative flowmeter instead of the low inertia servo-actuator, is proposed as an alternative to the ISO standard for testing the dynamic response of proportional valves.

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“…Finally, piezo-resistive transducers were installed to acquire the pressure transients in the rail and at two locations along the pump-to-rail pipe in order to be able to evaluate the pump-delivered flow-rate time distribution by means of a prototypal flowmeter. 9,20…”

Section: Experimental Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the transfer function between the injected flow-rate and high-pressure time histories for improved control of common rail diesel engines

Ferrari

Salvo

2016

International Journal of Engine Research

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Theoretical and experimental methodologies have been proposed and illustrated to determine the transfer function between the injected flow-rate and the rail pressure for common rail injection systems. An analytical transfer function has been calculated in the frequency domain, utilizing a previously developed lumped parameter model of the overall hydraulic layout of a common rail system. The predicted transfer function has been compared, in a Bode diagram, with an experimental estimation of the transfer function, based on the measured rail pressure and injected flow-rate time histories that were acquired at the hydraulic rig for different working conditions. The experimental estimation of the transfer function has been worked out by applying a selective spectral technique in order to reduce the effects of measurement noise on the rail pressure and injected flow-rate time histories. The accuracy of the model-derived transfer function has been improved significantly by integrating a pressure control system sub-model, which includes the action of the electronic control unit on the rail pressure time history through the pressure regulator, in the hydraulic model of the common rail circuit. Finally, the time histories of the rail pressure, predicted by means of the complete injection apparatus model, have been compared with the corresponding experimental traces at different working conditions and a very satisfactory agreement has in general been found. The methodologies proposed for the accurate evaluation of the transfer function between the injected flow-rate and the rail pressure time histories can be applied to diesel engines in order to implement innovative closed-loop strategies for the injected mass control.

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Development and assessment of a new operating principle for the measurement of unsteady flow rates in high-pressure pipelines

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

A flowmeter for unsteady liquid flow measurements in total liquid ventilation

A flowmeter for unsteady liquid flow measurements in total liquid ventilation

Modelling and experimental studies on a proportional valve using an innovative dynamic flow-rate measurement in fluid power systems

Determination of the transfer function between the injected flow-rate and high-pressure time histories for improved control of common rail diesel engines

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