Development and Applications of Viral Vectored Vaccines to Combat Zoonotic and Emerging Public Health Threats

Vrba, Sophia M.; Kirk, Natalie M.; Brisse, Morgan; Liang, Yuying; Ly, Hinh

doi:10.3390/vaccines8040680

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 210 publications

(296 reference statements)

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“…The recent isolation of a SARS-CoV-2 mink-associated variant strain with decreased sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies and its infection of more than 750 people so far have led to the culling of 17 million farmed mink in Denmark [28][29][30]. These zoonotic new variants have also raised a real concern over its impact on the efficacy of the COVD-19 vaccines either in use or currently under various stages of development and testing [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) exposure in pet cats and dogs in Minnesota, USA

Dileepan

Huang

et al. 2021

Virulence

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is continuing to spread globally. SARS-CoV-2 infections of feline and canine species have also been reported. However, it is not entirely clear to what extent natural SARS-CoV-2 infection of pet dogs and cats is in households. We have developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using recombinant SARS-CoV -2 nucleocapsid (N) protein and the receptor-binding-domain (RBD) of the spike protein, and the SARS-CoV-2 spike-pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based neutralization assay to screen serum samples of 239 pet cats and 510 pet dogs in Minnesota in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic from mid-April to early June 2020 for evidence of SARS-CoV-2 exposures. A cutoff value was used to identify the seropositive samples in each experiment. The average seroprevalence of N-and RBD-specific antibodies in pet cats were 8% and 3%, respectively. Among nineteen (19) N-seropositive cat sera, fifteen (15) exhibited neutralizing activity and seven (7) were also RBD-seropositive. The N-based ELISA is also specific and does not cross react with antigens of common feline coronaviruses. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected at a very low percentage in pet dogs (~ 1%) and were limited to IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 N protein with no neutralizing activities. Our results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 seropositive rates are higher in pet cats than in pet dogs in MN early in the pandemic and that SARS-CoV-2 N-specific IgG antibodies can detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in companion animals with higher levels of specificity and sensitivity than RBD-specific IgG antibodies in ELISA-based assays.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) exposure in pet cats and dogs in Minnesota, USA

Dileepan

Huang

et al. 2021

Virulence

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“…We reviewed the basic unit operations, whole bioprocess options and other current developments in the bioprocessing of lentiviral vectors. The demand for LVs will remain high in the foreseeable future as the therapeutic benefits of cell and gene therapy are realised and transferred into the clinic with new applications being explored (e.g., as viral vaccine vectors [ 274 ]). Although current manufacturing capacity for LVs is low globally, and LV bioprocessing requires optimisation, efforts are apparent which are improving yields and recoveries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lentiviral Vector Bioprocessing

Perry

Rayat

2021

Viruses

100

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Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are potent tools for the delivery of genes of interest into mammalian cells and are now commonly utilised within the growing field of cell and gene therapy for the treatment of monogenic diseases and adoptive therapies such as chimeric antigen T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. This is a comprehensive review of the individual bioprocess operations employed in LV production. We highlight the role of envelope proteins in vector design as well as their impact on the bioprocessing of lentiviral vectors. An overview of the current state of these operations provides opportunities for bioprocess discovery and improvement with emphasis on the considerations for optimal and scalable processing of LV during development and clinical production. Upstream culture for LV generation is described with comparisons on the different transfection methods and various bioreactors for suspension and adherent producer cell cultivation. The purification of LV is examined, evaluating different sequences of downstream process operations for both small- and large-scale production requirements. For scalable operations, a key focus is the development in chromatographic purification in addition to an in-depth examination of the application of tangential flow filtration. A summary of vector quantification and characterisation assays is also presented. Finally, the assessment of the whole bioprocess for LV production is discussed to benefit from the broader understanding of potential interactions of the different process options. This review is aimed to assist in the achievement of high quality, high concentration lentiviral vectors from robust and scalable processes.

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“…So far, many virus vectored influenza vaccines have been investigated, with some showing acceptable levels of effectiveness. These novel viral platforms and technologies provide rapid, highly efficient, and cost-effective means to produce vaccines for many diseases of humans, livestock as well as companion and exotic animals ( 220 ). However, the long-term effectiveness and safety of some of these vaccines still need to be further investigated.…”

Section: Closing Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Development and Application of Influenza Vaccines

et al. 2021

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Influenza A virus is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens that can cause severe symptoms and has the potential to cause high number of deaths and great economic loss. Vaccination is still the best option to prevent influenza virus infection. Different types of influenza vaccines, including live attenuated virus vaccines, inactivated whole virus vaccines, virosome vaccines, split-virion vaccines and subunit vaccines have been developed. However, they have several limitations, such as the relatively high manufacturing cost and long production time, moderate efficacy of some of the vaccines in certain populations, and lack of cross-reactivity. These are some of the problems that need to be solved. Here, we summarized recent advances in the development and application of different types of influenza vaccines, including the recent development of viral vectored influenza vaccines. We also described the construction of other vaccines that are based on recombinant influenza viruses as viral vectors. Information provided in this review article might lead to the development of safe and highly effective novel influenza vaccines.

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Development and Applications of Viral Vectored Vaccines to Combat Zoonotic and Emerging Public Health Threats

Cited by 61 publications

References 210 publications

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) exposure in pet cats and dogs in Minnesota, USA

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) exposure in pet cats and dogs in Minnesota, USA

Lentiviral Vector Bioprocessing

Advances in Development and Application of Influenza Vaccines

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