“…These include histology, electron microscopy, haemagglutination, [34][35] immunohistochemistry, [36] in situ hybridisation, [37] polymerase chain reaction (PCR), [38] duplex shuttle PCR, [39] real-time PCR, [40] PCR followed by high-resolution melting curve analysis, [15][20] and swarm primer-applied loop-mediated isothermal amplification (sLAMP). [41] The serological detection of anti-BFDV antibodies has been conducted by haemagglutination inhibition [34][42] and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) [36] . So far, the standard PCR-based assay has been used most frequently (>49%) to screen BFDV between 1984 and July 2015.…”