Development and Applications of 3D Printing-Processed Auxetic Structures for High-Velocity Impact Protection: A Review

Abstract

Auxetic structures (AXSs) are a novel class of materials with unique mechanical deformation behavior associated with negative Poisson ratio. The combination of AXS configurations with various types of materials has unveiled a wide field of applications, including military high-velocity protection against explosions and ballistic projectiles. However, the characteristic geometric re-entrant model of AXSs imposes limitations and difficulties when using conventional manufacturing methods to assemble the structure lattice. Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently been explored as a more efficient and cost-effective method to fabricate AXSs, regardless of the type of material. This review paper focuses on the development and applications of AM processed AXSs. The review highlights the significance and great potential for this class of materials that can be produced relatively fast and at a low cost. The advantages of AXS/AM are expected to extend to important industrial sectors, particularly for military ballistic armor, where the feasibility for products with improved properties is critical. The use of AM offers a viable solution to overcome the difficulties associated with the conventional manufacturing methods, and thus offers greater design flexibility, cost efficiency, and reduced material waste. This review paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the current state-of-the-art and future research prospects for the production and applications of AXS/AM.

Recent Progress in Printed Photonic Devices: A Brief Review of Materials, Devices, and Applications

“…The utilization of R2R printing has the potential to enhance production throughput and diminish manufacturing expenses substantially [ 169 ]. In addition, the advancement of high-velocity printing mechanisms [ 170 ], the enhancement of ink compositions [ 171 ], and upgrades in printing machinery can facilitate the mass production of printed photonic apparatus [ 172 ].…”

Artificial Intelligence and Industry 4.0? Validation of Challenges Considering the Context of an Emerging Economy Country Using Cronbach’s Alpha and the Lawshe Method

“…Jöhnk, Weissert, and Wyrtki [25] address the implementation of AI in agriculture, where solutions using Artificial Intelligence enable farmers to enhance production efficiency, improve crop quality, and reduce product time to market. The application of AI-based techniques, such as hyperspectral imaging and 3D laser scanning, plays a crucial role in monitoring and maintaining the health of crops [28]. These advanced AI-driven technologies allow for the collection of a large volume of accurate data, providing detailed information on the health status of plantations, and facilitating analysis and decisionmaking.…”

Three-Dimensionally Printed Expandable Structural Electronics Via Multi-Material Printing Room-Temperature-Vulcanizing (RTV) Silicone/Silver Flake Composite and RTV

“…However, real-world applications require both conformal contact and stability during multidimensional deformation, which can be simply demonstrated by fabricating a metamaterial structure with a systematically negative Poisson's ratio from an initial design [38][39][40][41][42]. However, regarding the manufacturing of electronic devices using preexisting auxetic structures without 3D printing, two main complex approaches were used:…”