Development and Application of the Everglades Landscape Model

Fitz, Carl; Sklar, Fred H.; Waring, Tanisha L.; Voinov, Alexey; Costanza, Robert; Maxwell, Thomas

doi:10.1007/0-387-21555-7_6

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The Everglades Landscape Model (ELM; Fitz et al. ) a regional‐scale, integrated ecological assessment tool that simulates hydro‐ecological dynamics and predicts landscape responses to water management scenarios, was used to identify areas most likely to change due to P and water inputs. The hydrologic boundaries of the ELM are provided by the South Florida Water Management Model (SFWMM; Obeysekera et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of landscape evolution: multiple regimes and their influence on carbon sequestration in a sub‐tropical peatland

Newman

Osborne

Hagerthey

et al. 2017

Ecological Monographs

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Typically, restoration goals target a point in history, i.e., the pre‐human‐influence state, however, ecosystems are dynamic and restoration goals must consider the potential evolution of the system, along with primary causes of landscape degradation and the resultant resilience. Using the Everglades as a case study, known disturbances were linked to biogeochemical and vegetation patterns to compare the divergence of the anthropogenically impacted landscape from that expected during natural peatland evolution. Specifically, landscape soil biogeochemistry of ~1,100 sites was examined in context of hydroperiod, spatial and temporal trends in water quality from the 1940s through present, elevation, and vegetation communities. This provided a link between carbon (C) accumulation and the influence of anthropogenic alterations. The network of canals created to manage water resulted in a greater ratio of surface water to rainfall contribution to the water budget, restored connectivity of groundwater to surface water, and facilitated overdrainage and mineral and nutrient enrichment of the ecosystem, causing multiple regime shifts and evidence of C loss. This study suggests that restoration can promote the accumulation of minerotrophic peats, but it is difficult to recreate the trajectory towards the ombrotrophic peatland, one of the end members and most C rich portions of the ecosystem, given changes in source waters and connectivity. In addition, a comparison with the literature and paleoecological data confirmed that while phosphorus (P) and C accumulation are positively related, even relatively small increases in P content reduced the proportional C content of peat soils. Overall, this study highlights the need to consider the potential natural trajectories of landscape development, the multiple coexisting resultant regimes, and the importance of soil biogeochemical properties when establishing and prioritizing restoration goals. Given the resilience and feedback loops of the anthropogenically impacted areas, active management of these areas may be necessary if we are to restore the vegetation community composition and biogeochemical characteristics to those of natural regimes, however, some legacy effects will constrain future restoration efforts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of landscape evolution: multiple regimes and their influence on carbon sequestration in a sub‐tropical peatland

Newman

Osborne

Hagerthey

et al. 2017

Ecological Monographs

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“…1) with distinct ecosystems that are only connected in very wet years: SRS that has tides from the Gulf of Mexico reaching 30 km inland and Taylor Slough that experiences very small tidal influence. Water budgets have been created for portions of the northern Everglades (Nungesser and Chimney 2006), Taylor Slough (Sutula et al 2001), Florida Bay (Nuttle 1995), and for the entire Everglades ecosystem (Fitz et al 2004) that includes the entire ENP as a single unit. As the major drainage of ENP, Shark River Slough requires its own water budget that will aid the calculation of water residence times and link the hydrological cycle with ecosystem processes of Shark Slough and the estuary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groundwater-surface water interactions can vary across spatial scales and can be important in not only transporting water, but also chemicals and nutrients from one water reservoir to another (Sophocleous 2002). Landscape grid water budget models account for spatial heterogeneity in water inputs and outputs (e.g., Fitz et al 2004) by estimating these for each grid cell and summing up to get a basin-wide estimate. However the possibilities of error propagation in finite element modeling approaches indicate that it would be beneficial to have an independent validation of the basinlevel water inputs and outputs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hydrological Budget (2002–2008) for a Large Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Indicates Marine Groundwater Discharge Accompanies Diminished Freshwater Flow

Saha

Moses

Price

et al. 2011

Estuaries and Coasts

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Water budget parameters are estimated for Shark River Slough (SRS), the main drainage within Everglades National Park (ENP) from 2002 to 2008. Inputs to the water budget include surface water inflows and precipitation while outputs consist of evapotranspiration, discharge to the Gulf of Mexico and seepage losses due to municipal wellfield extraction. The daily change in volume of SRS is equated to the difference between input and outputs yielding a residual term consisting of component errors and net groundwater exchange. Results predict significant net groundwater discharge to the SRS peaking in June and positively correlated with surface water salinity at the mangrove ecotone, lagging by 1 month. Precipitation, the largest input to the SRS, is offset by ET (the largest output); thereby highlighting the importance of increasing fresh water inflows into ENP for maintaining conditions in terrestrial, estuarine, and marine ecosystems of South Florida.

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“…For example, Diffendorfer et al (2001) presented the spatially heterogeneous ecosystem model covering different freshwater habitat types in the Everglades to model changing patterns of biomass, energy flux, and species composition by. Other mechanistic models that simulate ecosystem processes are the Ecological Dynamic Simulation Model (EDYS) by Childress et al (2002) and the mechanistic Everglades Landscape Model by Fitz et al (2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal trajectories of phosphorus and pedo-patterns mapped in Water Conservation Area 2, Everglades, Florida, USA

2008

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Development and Application of the Everglades Landscape Model

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Drivers of landscape evolution: multiple regimes and their influence on carbon sequestration in a sub‐tropical peatland

Drivers of landscape evolution: multiple regimes and their influence on carbon sequestration in a sub‐tropical peatland

A Hydrological Budget (2002–2008) for a Large Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Indicates Marine Groundwater Discharge Accompanies Diminished Freshwater Flow

Temporal trajectories of phosphorus and pedo-patterns mapped in Water Conservation Area 2, Everglades, Florida, USA

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