Development and application of pulsed-air-arc deposition

Parkansky, N.; Boxman, R.L.; Goldsmith, S.

doi:10.1016/0257-8972(93)90237-i

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Larger plasma energy accumulated in the anode promotes anode erosion increase. The observed dependence of erosion on electrode polarity also agrees with previously published measurements for short pulsed arcs [13][14][15]. It can be assumed that during the arc initiation with the W anode the larger anode erosion rate produced a larger plasma density in the inter-electrode gap.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…One of the important parameters of the process is the arc electrode erosion rate. It was shown that the direction of mass loss transfer to anode or to cathode depends on the thermo physical properties of the electrode materials [13][14][15][16][17]. However, W-C electrode erosion and synthesis of WC particles by a pulsed arc submerged in liquid were not yet investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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W–C Electrode Erosion in a Pulsed Arc Submerged in Liquid

Parkansky

Glikman

Beilis

et al. 2007

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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Electrode erosion was studied in pulsed arcs ignited between two electrodes comprised of 99.99% C (graphite) and 99.5% W submerged in deionized water or analytical (99.8%) ethanol. In the both cases the erosion rate increased proportionally to the pulse energy, and the total electrode erosion per unit energy was inversely proportional to the discharge pulse duration. Fifteen and sixty-lF discharge capacitors were used for formation of the pulses in water. It was obtained that, respectively (a) erosion of the tungsten anode (W a ) was by factors of 5-6 and *10 greater than that of the carbon (C c ) cathode; (b) erosion of the carbon anode (C a ) was by a factor of 1.34 greater and by a factor of 2.65 less than that of the tungsten cathode (W c ); (c) the total erosion rate of both electrodes (anode and cathode) per unit pulse energy for the W a -C c pair was greater by factors of 11 and 12.5 than that for the W c -C a pair.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

W–C Electrode Erosion in a Pulsed Arc Submerged in Liquid

Parkansky

Glikman

Beilis

et al. 2007

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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“…Metallic coatings produced by high-energy micro-arc alloying (HEMAA) methods have many applications in the domains of hardfacing for their tribological and corrosion resistant properties [4][5][6][7]. The metal coatings via HEMAA technologies seem to be a possibility to increase the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of Mg–Nd coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy produced by high-energy micro-arc alloying process

Chen

Wang

et al. 2007

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…10). In addition, the available data [7,8,11] provide direct experimental proof of the relationship between the increase in hardness and the nanostructuring of the coating. It is therefore assumed that a nanostructured layer may form over the combined coating during its wear with nonfixed abrasive.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…1c, d). It is believed [10,11] that cracks in sparkdeposited coatings are caused by the thermal stresses that remain after cooling of the liquid phase. That a regular crack network is absent over coatings even when alloying time is 7 min/cm 2 may be due to several reasons, the main of which is close thermal expansion coefficients of the basic coating components: ZrB 2 (5.9 ⋅ 10 -6 K -1 ), LaB 6 (6.4 ⋅ 10 -6 K -1 ), and SiC (4.7 ⋅ 10 -6 K -1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrasive wear of ZrB2-containing spark-deposited and combined coatings on titanium alloy. I. microstructure and composition of ZrB2-containing coatings

Podchernyaeva

Panasyuk

Panashenko

et al. 2009

Powder Metall Met Ceram

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To improve the abrasive wear resistance of titanium alloys, ZrB 2 -containing protective coatings are deposited by electrospark alloying (ESA). As electrode materials, composite ceramics with different amounts of ZrB 2 are used. Some of the coated samples are also subjected to laser treatment to improve the coating by structuring the surface as alternating laser fusion tracks and nonfused sparkdeposited areas. The microstructure and phase composition of the coatings are characterized. The surface layer of the worn laser fusion tracks is found to have increased hardness , which is two to four times higher than that of the surface before abrasion (∼9.5 GPa). INTRODUCTIONComposite ceramics based on ZrB 2 -SiC and AlN-ZrB 2 with oxidation-resistant additions belongs to a new generation of wear-resistant high-temperature materials [1,2] that are an alternative to widely used composites based on refractory titanium compounds for coatings [3,4]. Protective coatings made of such ceramic materials can be deposited on metal alloys using, along with conventional methods, electrospark alloying (ESA) [4,5], which is very effective, simple, and low energy consuming.The abrasive resistance of composite ceramics is known [6] to be ambiguously dependent on hardness and fracture toughness but directly determined by strength characteristics. As an alloying electrode material, we therefore used ZrB 2 -ZrSi 2 (SiC)-LaB 6 and AlN-ZrB 2 -based composites with different amounts of zirconium diboride, which has the maximum elastic modulus as compared with the other solid phases of the materials in question.Resent research efforts have been aimed at developing composite coatings containing nanocrystalline components. Different methods are used for this purpose, such as vapor deposition of thin films of refractory compounds, including MoN [7], or attritor treatment of metal alloys, including low-carbon steel [8]. The surface may become nanostructured immediately during abrasive wear by a nonfixed abrasive in air. This process 317 mechanically activates the surface of metal alloys owing to plastic deformation in numerous cycles of rolling and sliding of the abrasive particles over the surface under loading. For the abrasive particles to mechanically activate the surface of rather brittle spark-deposited ceramic coatings, they should be preliminary treated. Laser fusion (LF) of the coating may be used for this purpose to form a fine grain matrix modified by alloying components on the substrate metal resulting from mixing of the coating and base components and rapid melt crystallization.Hence, it is of interest to examine the structural and phase transformations over spark-deposited and laserspark-deposited coatings before and after wear in air with a nonfixed abrasive. PROCEDURE AND MATERIALSElectrospark alloying was conducted at room temperature in air using an Élitron-21 high-frequency machine with a manual vibrator in optimal mode: current pulse frequency 1200 Hz, pulse energy 0.08 J, and time t = 7 min/cm 2 . To deposit coatings, composi...

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Development and application of pulsed-air-arc deposition

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

W–C Electrode Erosion in a Pulsed Arc Submerged in Liquid

W–C Electrode Erosion in a Pulsed Arc Submerged in Liquid

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of Mg–Nd coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy produced by high-energy micro-arc alloying process

Abrasive wear of ZrB2-containing spark-deposited and combined coatings on titanium alloy. I. microstructure and composition of ZrB2-containing coatings

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